Energy measurements of electrons and protons in cosmic ray physics using satellite and balloon calorimeters in recent two decades

Борисов, С. В.; Voronov, S. A.; Karelin, A. V.

doi:10.1134/s0010952511030038

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the region of 10 12 -10 14 eV the deficiency of measurement methods exists. The review [11] considers the methods of energy reconstruct of protons and electrons (for particles with energies exceeding 10 GeV) in calorimeters of various types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the primary energy using an ultrathin calorimeter

Dmitrieva

Fedosimova

Lebedev

et al. 2020

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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An approach for measuring energy of cosmic-ray particles with energies E > 1012 eV using an ultrathin calorimeter is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the correlation dependence of the cascade size on the rate of development of the cascade process. In order to determine the primary energy, measurements are made based on the number of secondary particles in the cascade, N e , at two observation levels Z 1 and Z 2, separated by an absorber layer. Based on the obtained measurements, a correlation analysis of the dependence of logN e (Z 1) on th e difference d N = logN e (Z 1) − logN e (Z 2) is carried out. The correlation curves (logN e from d N) in the negative part of the dN axis are almost parallel to each other and practically do not depend on the depth of the cascade development. It makes it possible to determine the primary energy using an ultrathin calorimeter. The best option for applying the method is a calorimeter, which has a unit with a heavy target, leading to the rapid development of the cascade, and a homogeneous measuring and absorption block.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the primary energy using an ultrathin calorimeter

Dmitrieva

Fedosimova

Lebedev

et al. 2020

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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show abstract

“…In the region of 1-100 TeV, there is a lack of experimental methods. Today, there is practically only one reliable method for measuring the energy of various nuclei at energies of TeV and above: this is the ionization calorimeter method [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Measurements of Cosmic Rays (TeV and beyond) Using an Ultrathin Calorimeter: Lessening Fluctuation Method

et al. 2021

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In this paper, we propose a method that makes it possible to use an ultrathin calorimeter for direct measurements of cosmic rays with energies of TeV and higher. The problems of determining the primary energy with a thin calorimeter, due to large fluctuations in shower development, the low statistics of analyzed events and the large size required for the calorimeter, are considered in detail. A solution to these problems is proposed on the basis of a lessening fluctuation method. This method is based on the assumption of the universality of the development of cascades initiated by particles of the same energy and mass. For energy reconstruction, so-called correlation curves are used. The main analyzed quantities are the size of the cascade and the rate of its development. The method was tested using the calorimeter of the PAMELA collaboration. Based on simulations, it is shown that the primary energy can be determined on the ascending branch of the cascade curve. This fact solves the problems associated with the need to increase the calorimeter thickness with an increase in primary energy and with the limitation of the analyzed events. The proposed technique is universal for different energies and different nuclei.

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Application of ASAS method to PAMELA calorimeter

Fedosimova

Lebedev

Mayorov

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this paper, we propose a method that makes it possible to to improve energy reconstruction for data obtained via thin heterogeneous calorimeters for direct measurements of cosmic rays with energies of TeV and higher. Despite the large number of modern experimental complexes, the primary energy of cosmic nuclei with energies above 1 TeV is determined with large errors associated with fluctuations in the development of the cascade. For heterogeneous calorimeters, transient effects give an additional negative effect. In this paper we analyze the main causes of fluctuations and discuss a method for reducing the effect of fluctuations on the results of primary energy reconstruction. The method of accumulation of signal along the spectrum (ASAS) is used to reduce fluctuations associated with transient effects. The method was tested using the heterogeneous calorimeter of the PAMELA collaboration. It is shown that the proposed approach makes it possible to correctly determine the energy of slowly developing showers, the maxima of which are not measured.

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Energy measurements of electrons and protons in cosmic ray physics using satellite and balloon calorimeters in recent two decades

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Determination of the primary energy using an ultrathin calorimeter

Determination of the primary energy using an ultrathin calorimeter

Direct Measurements of Cosmic Rays (TeV and beyond) Using an Ultrathin Calorimeter: Lessening Fluctuation Method

Application of ASAS method to PAMELA calorimeter

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