Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Electric Vehicles Based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Considering Battery Degradation

Yi, Fengyan; Lu, Dagang; Wang, Xingmao; Pan, Chaofeng; Tao, Yuanxue; Zhou, Jiaming; Zhao, Chong‐Ke

doi:10.3390/su14031214

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The PMP specifies that the optimal solution to a global optimization problem has to fulfill optimality conditions, which are related to the transient minimal value of the Hamiltonian function [128][129][130][131]. Assuming that the trajectory calculated through PMP is deterministic and satisfies the corresponding constraints and boundary conditions, the optimal trajectory is usually considered to be the global optimal one [132,133].…”

Section: Pontryagin's Minimum Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Modelling and Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2023

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With the world’s energy reserves under strain and the requirements of national carbon emission regulations, the fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of automobiles are becoming increasingly important. Due to the combination of long cruising range and energy efficiency, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been adopted as a reliable option for improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. In order to fully exploit the advantages of hybrid electric vehicles, energy management and torque distribution have become the focus of control strategies for HEVs, while also ensuring battery life and meeting requirements for fuel consumption, emissions and driving performance. Therefore, a great deal of research has been carried out on energy management strategies and many approaches have been offered in the literature. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the literature, highlighting its contributions and making a complete reference for scholars interested in hybrid vehicle development, control, and optimization.

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Section: Pontryagin's Minimum Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Modelling and Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2023

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“…5 using the Stern equation. Details about this last-mentioned equation are provided in the study by Yi et al (2022). The SC state of charge (SOC SC ) is calculated by Eq.…”

Section: Sc Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faults which may occur in the different sensors on vehicle boards are also extensively studied in the literature (Kommuri et al, 2016;Peñate et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021). To summarize, although inverters, traction machines, and sensors are more robust compared to fuel cells and supercapacitors, few research works have dealt with possible faults at the vehicle power sources level, except for some works which have mainly discussed power sources degradation (Shchurov et al, 2021;Song et al, 2021;Yi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure power management strategy for direct torque controlled fuel cell/ supercapacitor electric vehicles

et al. 2022

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High reliability is recommended in hybrid electric vehicle applications. In this study, a secure power management strategy has been developed for a fuel cell—supercapacitor hybrid electric vehicle. In addition to its ability to detect the occurrence of failures in vehicle power sources, the proposed power management strategy isolates the faulty source and reconfigures the control scheme to always guarantee bus voltage stability and vehicle traction even in faulty situations. The developed power management strategy enhances vehicle comfort and prevents exhausting one source over another by allowing the fuel cell and the supercapacitor to operate at different power levels. The multiloop control scheme associated with the power sources is highly reliable since both sources can run the vehicle alone and regulate the bus voltage. Vehicle speed and torque controllers are simultaneously tuned using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Torque and speed ripples are automatically minimized via the use of a new proposed cost function. This approach made the controller design easier and gave the designer the possibility to tradeoff between the variables to be minimized.

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“…Network coding nodes can not only complete data forwarding and copying but also encode information before transmission, which can maximize network throughput and robustness [16]. Dedicated short-range communications developed and tested by automotive technology providers are under threat, and nextgeneration 5G technology could be the final answer [17].…”

Section: Transmission Control Based On Network Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Transmission Control Method of Electrical Equipment of Automobile Based on the 5G Communication Technology

Han

2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Conflicts emerge when the data transmission occurs between electrical equipment in an automobile. Hence, transmission delays appear as issues. For this reason, a method, called data transmission control, for electrical equipment of automobiles based on the 5G communication technology is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the wavelet feature decomposition was utilized to partition the frequency spectrum, and thus the statistical characteristics of electrical equipment of automobiles concerning the transmitted data were obtained. Then, the high-order approximate distribution method was adopted to construct a channel for a 5G network data transmission. Afterward, the control logic structure of the data transmission was built, and the problem, called the conflict of the data transmission, was alleviated through concurrent data collection and processing methods. On this basis, coding coefficients of a constructed global coding matrix were selected to encode and transmit source information. Also, the number of redundant data packets at each layer was adjusted. Finally, the data transmission control of the electrical equipment of the automobile was realized through the linear combination of the network nodes. The simulation results showed that the throughput of the proposed method was always higher than 7.7 MB/s, the bit error rate was around 0 when the signal-to-noise ratio was lower than 3, and the transmission delay was always below 0.5 s, which could provide a reference for the efficient and safe operation of automobiles.

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Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Electric Vehicles Based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Considering Battery Degradation

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

An Overview of Modelling and Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

An Overview of Modelling and Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Secure power management strategy for direct torque controlled fuel cell/ supercapacitor electric vehicles

Data Transmission Control Method of Electrical Equipment of Automobile Based on the 5G Communication Technology

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