Energy Management of a Dual-Mode Locomotive Based on the Energy Sources Characteristics

Energy management strategy to optimise regenerative braking in a hybrid dual‐mode locomotive

“…Each of the considered study cases has a specific purpose: the first evaluation aims to highlight the principal contributions of the EMS, compared with the EMS proposed in [46]. The second evaluation's main objective is to demonstrate that the proposed strategy can almost eliminate the necessity to use the braking resistor and then maximise the energy recovered using regenerative braking.…”

“…Using the model provided by Lhomme et al . [1], the hydrogen consumption is 88 g with the proposed EMS, and 90 and 178 for the EMS in [46, 54], respectively. These results are not realistic: one gram of hydrogen stores about 0.04 kWh.…”

“…[54] or Mendoza et al . [46] operate the FC close to the maximal power and were the best solutions to the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2019.…”

“…The guidelines listed below are proposed to define the EMS rules. The FC and pantograph recharge the batteries. The batteries regulate the SC SOC. The SC regulates the DC bus voltage. The braking resistor use must be avoided. Compared with the previous EMS presented in [46], this one is oriented to reduce the energy consumed in the braking resistor. Two sets of rules are used to reach this objective.…”

“…This paper proposes an extended version of the research presented in [46], which was the best solution submitted to the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2019. This EMS has new objectives such as maximising the energy recovered during braking, which can represent an important part of the total energy losses of the train.…”