Energy loss ofαparticles in gaseous C-H and C-H-F compounds

SRIM – The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010)

“…A classic example is shown in Fig. 3 for targets containing H and C atoms, which show non-additivity of stopping in simple hydrocarbons [5]. In this figure, the stopping of He ions in various hydrocarbons was measured for pairs of compounds, and the relative contribution of H and C was extracted for each pair (solving two equations with two unknowns).…”

“…In this figure, the stopping of He ions (at 500 keV) in various hydrocarbons is shown for pairs of compounds, with the relative contributions of stopping in H and C extracted assuming Bragg's Rule and solving using two unknowns[5]. This classic paper shows with clarity the errors associated with Bragg's Rule.…”

Validity of Bragg’s rule for heavy-ion stopping in silicon carbide

“…The maximum deviation of the Bragg values from the measured stopping data is less than 1%, which is well within the experimental and calculated uncertainties. In stopping studies of light ions in various compounds, several authors 17,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] have stated that deviations from Bragg's rule appear to be greatest at the stopping peak and disappear at energies above 2.5 MeV/nucleon. As shown in Fig.…”

Stopping cross sections of three-membered ring-structure molecules and their double-bonded isomers for 0.3–2.0-MeV He+ ions

“…The calculation of equivalent stopping cross sections of the single-bonded isomers by subtracting 2e SB (H) from stopping cross sections of saturated alcohols is a justifiable procedure, since it was demonstrated 8 that stopping cross sections of higher saturated alcohols and ethers could be predicted within experimental error of <::!< 1% by the addition of integral multiples of E SB (CH 2 ) to e(water) or e(methyl alcohol), where eSB(CH2) was obtained from alkane stopping cross sections. 7 Thus far, there is no adequate theory to account for the stopping cross section for the energy region around the peak of the stopping cross-section curve. The Bethe-Bloch formula 17 which is valid for higher projectile energies tells that the stopping cross section is proportional to In(I/I), where 1 is the mean excitation potential of the molecule.…”