Absorption spectra of Er 3ϩ and Yb 3ϩ ions, codopants in a phosphate glass, are reported at 8 K and at wavelengths between 350 and 1600 nm. Detailed structure appearing in the spectra, associated with individual multiplet states, 2Sϩ1 L J , of Er 3ϩ (4 f 11) and Yb 3ϩ (4 f 13) is interpreted using a ligand-field coordination sphere model to characterize the microscopic environment surrounding the rare earth ions in multiple sites. Inhomogeneous broadening of the spectra is likely due to different configurations of PO 4 tetrahedra clustered about a caged rare earth ion in the amorphous host. Similarity between the Er 3ϩ spectrum in the glass and in the spectrum of single-crystal LiErP 4 O 12 , where Er 3ϩ occupies sites of C 2 symmetry, suggests that an averaged site symmetry of C 2 is a reasonable approximation for Er 3ϩ and Yb 3ϩ ions in the phosphate glass. Calculated splitting of multiplet states by the ligand-field cluster model are compared with energy levels derived from the observed absorption peaks and well-defined shoulders. Inhomogeneous broadening of the spectra limit the precision in establishing the energy of the multiplet splittings, but the analysis is useful for modeling studies of the Er:Yb:phosphate glass as an eye-safe laser ͑1.53 m͒. The splitting of the Yb 3ϩ (4 f 13) 2 F J states is determined using parameters obtained from the Er 3ϩ set by means of the three-parameter theory. No adjustments were made to the Yb 3ϩ parameters that predict multiplet splittings in reasonable agreement with experimental data.