Energy level alignment of electrically doped hole transport layers with transparent and conductive indium tin oxide and polymer anodes

Fehse, Karsten; Olthof, Selina; Walzer, Karsten; Leo, Karl; Johnson, Robert L.; Glowatzki, H.; Bröker, Benjamin; Koch, Norbert

doi:10.1063/1.2786573

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Additionally, many photoemission studies in metal/ organic and organic/organic heterointerfaces have found interface dipoles [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The origin of interface dipoles depends on the material system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of dopant concentration on charge transport in crosslinkable polymers

Pitarch

Meerholz

Hertel

2008

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Crosslinkable polymer hole‐only structures have been characterized by current–voltage, and admittance spectroscopy. Our hole transport layer (HTL) consists of a triphenylene‐diamine derivative (QUPD) crosslinked after deposition with a photoinitiator. The crosslinking leads inadvertently to doping of the HTL depending on the initiator concentration. We study the influence of doping on charge transport in the HTL. We show that the increase of low‐frequency capacitance with increasing voltage and dopant concentration, as well as the low‐voltage region in the (J –V) characteristics are injection limited. At higher voltages, the transport is space‐charge limited (SCL) with a field‐dependent mobility. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of dopant concentration on charge transport in crosslinkable polymers

Pitarch

Meerholz

Hertel

2008

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…Recently there has been considerable interest in the structural and electrical properties of ITO contact layers [4][5][6]. In this research, band structure characteristics of ITO layers are very important for analysing the contact potential of ITO electrodes and functional layers in devices [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrile Hydration by Co(III) Complex with Oxygenated S Atoms Inserted into Mesoporous Silica

Ozawa

Shibayama

Yano

et al. 2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Amorphous indium tin oxide films were grown on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate by RF-magnetron sputtering. The energy band, which contained not only the width of the optical band but also detailed information about the Fermi level (E f ) and mobility edge (E c ), was calculated according to the theory of amorphous semiconductors with the experimental parameters of transmittance and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the calculated energy band can be used to effectively explain both the variation of electrical conductivity and the weak absorption at the wavelength range of 750-800 nm in our experiment. An indirect transition was also clearly observed in our samples during the calculation of the optical energy band.

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“…PEDOT:PSS is a conducting composite polymer that is widely used as anode buffer layer in OLEDs, [231][232][233][234][235][236] whose structure is shown in Figure 8. Although the improvement of the ITO anode by PEDOT:PSS has often been reported in literature, the origin of it is not well known.…”

Section: Composite Buffer Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Modification of Indium-Tin Oxide/Organic Interfaces for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

2013

Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences

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The oxide/organic interfaces play crucial roles in the hole injection from the anode electrodes to the emitting organics in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and hence have strong impacts on the efficiencies and other properties of the devices. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is currently the most popular anode material used in OLEDs due to several merits, such as good etch ability, good adherence, high transparency, low resistivity, and high work function. Interfacial engineering between the ITO electrode and the overlying organic layers is an important process to obtain the high performance of the diode devices. In this article, recent progress in modification of the ITO/organic interfaces is reviewed, as these interfaces are important to the development of the technologies aiming at improving the electroluminescence, and efficiencies as well as reducing the operation voltages of OLEDs. ITO/Organic interfacial properties can be controlled or modified by simply changing the surface properties of ITO using chemical or physical treatments, and by adding a buffer layer (e.g., metal, oxide, or organic thin films) between the ITO and hole transport or emitting organic layers. The literature data showed that the electroluminescence, efficiencies, and lifetimes of the OLEDs could be greatly increased and the operation voltage considerably decreased when the ITO/organic interfaces have been properly improved.

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Energy level alignment of electrically doped hole transport layers with transparent and conductive indium tin oxide and polymer anodes

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of dopant concentration on charge transport in crosslinkable polymers

Effect of dopant concentration on charge transport in crosslinkable polymers

Nitrile Hydration by Co(III) Complex with Oxygenated S Atoms Inserted into Mesoporous Silica

Progress in Modification of Indium-Tin Oxide/Organic Interfaces for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

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