Energy Internet Access Equipment Integrating Cyber-Physical Systems: Concepts, Key Technologies, System Development, and Application Prospects

Cheng, Lefeng; Yu, Tao; Jiang, Haorong; Shi, Shouyuan; Tan, Zhukui; Zhang, Zhiyi

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897712

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the electricity market facilitates energy trading with the energy suppliers or between prosumers by adopting effective demand response strategies. To enable these services, energy internet access equipment (EIAE) is proposed in [40] as a way to connect and monitor energy usage and energy supply in real-time. Three prominent features of such EIAE are the following: (i) EIAE as end users' cyber-physical terminal media act as interfaces and measure, observe, and control all DER-using devices; (ii) EIAE enables interactions between end users and energy generation and supplies components in the EI using measurements, observations, and controlling methods; and (iii) EIAE is possibly the final execution component/device in the EI that provides all the aforementioned services.…”

Section: Energy Internet Access Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is Energy Internet? Concepts, Technologies, and Future Directions

et al. 2020

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The climate change crisis, exacerbated by the global dependency of fossil fuels, has brought significant challenges. In the medium to long term, extensive renewable-energy-based electrification is considered to be one of the most promising development paths to address these challenges. However, this is tangible only if the energy infrastructure can accommodate renewable energy sources and distributed energy resources, such as batteries and heat pumps, without adversely affecting power grid operations. To realize renewable-energy-based electrification goals, a new concept-the Energy Internet (EI)-has been proposed, inspired by the most recent advances in information and telecommunication network technologies. Recently, many measures have also been taken to practically implement the EI. Although these EI models share many ideas, a definitive universal definition of the EI is yet to be agreed. Additionally, some studies have proposed protocols and architectures, but a generalized technological overview is still missing. An understanding of the technologies that underpin and encompass the current and future EI is very important to push toward a standardized version of the EI that will eventually make it easier to implement it across the world. In this paper, we first examine and analyze the typical popular definitions of the EI in scientific literature. Based on definitions, assumptions, scope, and application areas, the scientific literature is then classified into four different groups representing the way in which the papers have approached the EI. Then, we synthesize these definitions and concepts, and keeping in mind the future smart grid, we propose a new universal definition of the EI. We also identify the underlying key technologies for managing, coordinating, and controlling the multiple (distributed or not) subsystems with their own particular challenges. The survey concludes by highlighting the main challenges facing a future EI-based energy system and indicating core requirements in terms of system complexity, security, standardization, energy trading and business models and social acceptance.

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Section: Energy Internet Access Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is Energy Internet? Concepts, Technologies, and Future Directions

et al. 2020

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“…The distributed equipment connected to the system is rich and diverse, including electric vehicles, air conditioners and other smart home, as well as energy storage, power-to-gas, distributed energy and other large equipment [36,37]. At the same time, access methods are also various, which can be either through the industrial communication network or through open network access systems such as the internet [38][39][40]. It is difficult to manage and control the information interface of access equipment uniformly.…”

Section: Information Security Requirements Of the Equipment Access Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology for Information Security of the Energy Internet: Fundamentals, Features, Strategy and Application

Zeng

Cao

et al. 2020

Energies

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In order to ensure the information security, most of the important information including the data of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in the energy internet is currently transmitted and exchanged through the intranet or the carrier communication. The former increases the cost of network construction, and the latter is susceptible to interference and attacks in the process of information dissemination. The blockchain is an emerging decentralized architecture and distributed computing paradigm. Under the premise that these nodes do not need mutual trust, the blockchain can implement trusted peer-to-peer communication for protecting the important information by adopting distributed consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, point-to-point transmission and smart contracts. In response to the above issues, this paper firstly analyzes the information security problems existing in the energy internet from the four perspectives of system control layer, device access, market transaction and user privacy. Then blockchain technology is introduced, and its working principles and technical characteristics are analyzed. Based on the technical characteristics, we propose the multilevel and multichain information transmission model for the weak centralization of scheduling and the decentralization of transaction. Furthermore, we discuss that the information transmission model helps solve some of the information security issues from the four perspectives of system control, device access, market transaction and user privacy. Application examples are used to illustrate the technical features that benefited from the blockchain for the information security of the energy internet.

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“…market. Therefore, various smart grid technologies and applications have been proposed to accommodate the high penetration of prosumers with distributed renewable energy resources (DRERs) and distributed energy storage devices (DESDs) [4], [5]. These smart grid technological advancements bring opportunities to transform the current power system to energy internet (EI), an internet business model of the electricity grid, in which multiple energy and data flows are in dual circulation and coupling among the entire value chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE 1. Illustration of EI ecosystem [5]. E-LAN is a localized group of energy stakeholders that can operate independently, or connected to the grid to buy/sell energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency-Optimal Network Intelligence Services in SDN/NFV-Based Energy Internet Cyberinfrastructure

et al. 2020

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Energy internet (EI) is a very complex system with various applications that not only require a high-level of cyber-security but also need low-latency communication. Thus, cyberinfrastructure with latency-optimal network intelligence services (NIS), in which application data flows are deeply examined in real-time, is inevitable. In the future internet system, a set of NIS can flexibly be implemented in network function virtualization (NFV)-based middleboxes that overlay on software-defined networking (SDN) architecture, becoming an SDN/NFV-based cyberinfrastructure. However, how to deploy these middleboxes is a non-deterministic optimization problem, which is complicated and time-consuming. Hence, by focusing on latency minimization, we develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered solution consisted of two phases. First, middleboxes placement based on the graph cluster analysis, and second, NIS resource allocation based on the prediction of service usage-ratio in each corresponding cluster. The simulation-based experimental evaluation shows that our proposed strategy using an optimized K-means algorithm outperforms the recent state-of-the-art middleboxes placement approaches. The average end-to-end flow latencies are around 23.81%, 18.44%, and 11.49% lower compared with the simulated annealing method, the basic sequential algorithmic scheme, and the minimum spanning tree procedure, respectively. Besides, the proposed resource allocation scheme optimizes further the latency minimization around 4.24%. We believe that the work presented in this paper will aid the communication service providers (CSP) in providing a secure and low-latency SDN/NFV-based cyberinfrastructure for the EI ecosystem.

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Energy Internet Access Equipment Integrating Cyber-Physical Systems: Concepts, Key Technologies, System Development, and Application Prospects

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

What is Energy Internet? Concepts, Technologies, and Future Directions

What is Energy Internet? Concepts, Technologies, and Future Directions

Blockchain Technology for Information Security of the Energy Internet: Fundamentals, Features, Strategy and Application

Latency-Optimal Network Intelligence Services in SDN/NFV-Based Energy Internet Cyberinfrastructure

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