Energy imbalance related predisposition to mastitis in group-fed high-producing postpartum dairy cows

Jánosi, Szilárd; Kulcsár, Margit; Kóródi, P.; Kátai, László; Reiczigel, Jenő; Dieleman, S.J.; Nikolić, Jasmina B.; Sályi, G.; Ribiczey-Szabó, Piroska; Huszenicza, G.

doi:10.1556/avet.51.2003.3.14

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp accounting for 70.59% of the isolates. This could have been due to hyperketonaemia present during this phase of production as has been reported previously (Harmon, 1984;Janosi et al, 2003;Huszenicza et al, 2004). The low level of hygiene in the cow sheds and practised by the workers as observed in this study could also have led to the high incidence of clinical coliform mastitis (Elbers et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Incidence and risk factors of periparturient conditions in smallholder dairy cattle herds in Kikuyu Division of Kiambu District, Kenya

Abuom¹,

Njenga²,

Wabacha³

et al. 2012

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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A study was carried out on 117 smallholder dairy cattle herds in Kikuyu Division of Kiambu District Kenya between April 2004 and December 2004 to determine the incidence of periparturient conditions (downer cow syndrome, dystocia, milk fever and retained placenta among others) in smallholder dairy cattle herds and the associated factors (plausible predictor variables; age, parity and management systems among others) from a total of 206 dairy cattle. Data were collected during farm visits by observation, interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and clinical examination of animals. The most common conditions encountered were downer cow syndrome (12.6 %), dystocia (17.0 %), mastitis (9.5 %), metritis (7.3 %) milk fever (13 %) and retained afterbirth (26.6 %). The overall cumulative incidence of the periparturient conditions was 67 %. Animals with milk fever were 5 times more likely to develop retained placenta (P=0.04) while those with a history of having developed retained placenta in a previous parturition were at 2 times more likely to develop retained afterbirth (P=0.05). Cows with milk fever were 9 times more likely to develop owner cow syndrome (P <0.001) while those that were not given supplemental feed in the last trimester were 4.8 times more likely to develop downer cow syndrome (P=0.007). Animals that had dystocia were 3.9 times more likely to develop metritis (P=0.02) and while those with retained placenta were 5.2 times more likely to develop metritis (P=0.03). In addition, animals with dystocia were 10.55 times more likely to develop postpartum haemorrhage (P=0.01) and 58.9 times more likely to develop injuries to the birth canal (P<0.01). From this study it can be concluded that downer cow syndrome, dystocia, mastitis, metritis, milk fever and retained placenta were the most common periparturient conditions in smallholder dairy cattle herds in Kikuyu division of Kiambu district.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Incidence and risk factors of periparturient conditions in smallholder dairy cattle herds in Kikuyu Division of Kiambu District, Kenya

Abuom¹,

Njenga²,

Wabacha³

et al. 2012

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…Cows with subclinical ketosis (BHBA .1000 or 1200 mmol/l) during the first 1 to 2 weeks after calving are at greater risk for diseases, that is, metritis ), leftdisplaced abomasum (LeBlanc et al, 2005) and a greater incidence and severity of mastitis (Kremer et al, 1993;Janosi et al, 2003). Several studies have identified potential mechanisms associated with the impairment of the cellular immune function by increased media concentrations of ketones (Franklin et al, 1991;Detilleux et al, 1995).…”

Section: Ketonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Ingvartsen

Moyes

2013

Animal

263

214

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The large increase in milk yield and the structural changes in the dairy industry have caused major changes in the housing, feeding and management of the dairy cow. However, while large improvements have occurred in production and efficiency, the disease incidence, based on veterinary records, does not seem to be improved. Earlier reviews have covered critical periods such as the transition period in the cow and its influence on health and immune function, the interplay between the endocrine system and the immune system and nutrition and immune function. Knowledge on these topics is crucial for our understanding of disease risk and our effort to develop health and welfare improving strategies, including proactive management for preventing diseases and reducing the severity of diseases. To build onto this the main purpose of this review will therefore be on the effect of physiological imbalance (PI) on immune function, and to give perspectives for prevention of diseases in the dairy cow through nutrition. To a large extent, the health problems during the periparturient period relate to cows having difficulty in adapting to the nutrient needs for lactation. This may result in PI, a situation where the regulatory mechanisms are insufficient for the animals to function optimally leading to a high risk of a complex of digestive, metabolic and infectious problems. The risk of infectious diseases will be increased if the immune competence is reduced. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the immune response and the effect of nutrition may be directly through nutrients or indirectly by metabolites, for example, in situations with PI. This review discusses the complex relationships between metabolic status and immune function and how these complex interactions increase the risk of disease during early lactation. A special focus will be placed on the major energetic fuels currently known to be used by immune cells (i.e. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glutamine) and how certain metabolic states, such as degree of negative energy balance and risk of PI, contribute to immunosuppression during the periparturient period. Finally, we will address some issues on disease prevention through nutrition.

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“…Samples were assayed for leptin with a ruminant-specific 125 I-RIA of Delavaud et al (2000Delavaud et al ( , 2002 with some modification (Kulcsár et al, 2005), as well as for cortisol and P 4 with 3 H-RIA methods described in our earlier works (Nagy et al, 1998;Jánosi et al, 2003;Kulcsár et al, 2005). Neutralised acid-ethanol extracts of plasma were analysed for IGF-1 using a heterologous 125 I-RIA system modified for bovine samples (Nikolic et al, 2001), after validating this assay for ovine plasma without any further changes (sensitivity: 0.20 nmol/l, intra-and interassay CVs: ≤ 6.2 and ≤ 12.0%).…”

Section: Handling Of Samples Laboratory Procedures Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-responders had lower IGF-1 and leptin levels than those ovulated after this treatment. It was concluded that the subclinical form of ovine ketosis is characterised by complex endocrine altera-In postpartum dairy cows the negative energy balance (NEB) and mainly its decompensation (ketosis, fatty liver disease) are characterised by numerous metabolic changes, which are known to postpone the resumption of cyclic ovarian function, impair the quality of oocyte, and diminish the capacity of intrauterine and intramammary antimicrobial defence mechanisms, predisposing the affected animal to puerperal metritis and mastitis (Wensing et al, 1997;Chilliard et al, 1998;Suriyasathaporn et al, 2000;Jánosi et al, 2003;Veerkamp et al, 2003). A lower ratio of insulin to glucagon and growth hormone has been demonstrated to act as the main endocrine factor (Sartin et al, 1988) in the pathogenesis of bovine ketosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Endocrine characteristics of late pregnant hyperketonaemic ewes and their reproductive performance following the induction of ovarian cyclicity out of the breeding season

Kulcsár¹,

Dankó²,

Delavaud³

et al. 2006

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Ketosis was diagnosed in a flock of Merino ewes that conceived from synchronised oestrus in the early autumn period. On day 140 of pregnancy the ewes were sampled for determination of βOH-butyrate (BHB), AST, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol (TCH), insulin, T 4 , T 3 , cortisol, IGF-1 and leptin. The results were evaluated according to the number of fetuses born some days later and the presence of hyperketonaemia (BHB: ≥ 1.60 mmol/l). In May, about 3 months after lambing, cyclic ovarian function was induced (Cronolone + eCG), and the ewes were inseminated artificially (AI) 48 h after the removal of gestagen-containing sponge. At the time of AI and 10 days later blood samples were collected again to check the plasma levels of the same constituents as previously (in samples taken at AI), and to monitor the ovarian response by assaying progesterone (in both samples). On day 140 of gestation significantly lower BHB levels were detected in dams with single (n = 41) than in those with twin (n = 57) pregnancies. Hyperketonaemia was found only in ewes bearing twins (n = 27). These animals had higher NEFA and cortisol, and lower TCH, insulin, IGF-1, leptin and T 3 levels than their normoketonaemic twin-bearing flockmates, and those with single pregnancy. The blood glucose concentrations varied within a wide range, and the means of groups did not exhibit any significant differences. The formerly hyperketonaemic individuals were characterised by lower leptin level 3 months after lambing, and they showed a poorer response to the cycle-induction procedure than the others. The non-responders had lower IGF-1 and leptin levels than those ovulated after this treatment. It was concluded that the subclinical form of ovine ketosis is characterised by complex endocrine altera-

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Energy imbalance related predisposition to mastitis in group-fed high-producing postpartum dairy cows

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Incidence and risk factors of periparturient conditions in smallholder dairy cattle herds in Kikuyu Division of Kiambu District, Kenya

Incidence and risk factors of periparturient conditions in smallholder dairy cattle herds in Kikuyu Division of Kiambu District, Kenya

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Endocrine characteristics of late pregnant hyperketonaemic ewes and their reproductive performance following the induction of ovarian cyclicity out of the breeding season

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