“…Generally, μMFCs are featured by low material consumption, short start-up time, easy operation, and experiment parallelization13. To improve current and power densities of μMFCs, researchers have made significant progress in optimizing bacterial strains16172122, device structures181920242526, and anode materials232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546. For example, due to the large surface area-to-volume ratio, many micro/nanomaterials have been developed as anode materials of μMFCs to promote bacterial attachment and colonization, and electrochemical catalytic activity of anodes, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs)23284344, graphene45, graphene-based nanocomposites272930, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene) (PEDOT)313246, and PEDOT-based nanocomposites343536373839404142.…”