Energy harvesting approaches in IoT scenarios with very low ambient energy

Abstract

The feasibility of multi-source energy harvesting in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios with low and intermittent ambient energy is addressed. As a relevant case study, application to a smart cargo container system is analysed. The most relevant features of the main energy sources available in this target application are identified, and various transducers adapted to such sources are evaluated. Measurement results indicate that combined piezoelectric and thermoelectric generation inside cargo containers can significantly extend the battery lifetime of IoT end nodes embedded in such containers.

Internet of Things-Based Control of Induction Machines: Specifics of Electric Drives and Wind Energy Conversion Systems

“…A prototype for a mini three-phase wind energy harvester is accompanied by the analysis of operation, the deduction of the characteristic parameters using an equivalent electromechanical model, and the verification of accuracy of the prototype [88]. Harvester Linear induction generator Harvesting performance increases with applied conductive coating (copper) 6 [86] Wind energy harvesting piezoelectric device The generated power depends on thickness of piezoelectric material and wind speed 7 [87] Wind energy mini-three-phase harvester prototype Analysis, parameter deduction, equivalent model, prototyping 6 [88] Energy harvester from very low ambient energy Measurements of combined piezoelectric and thermoelectric generation show extended battery lifetime of IoT end nodes 3 [89] Wind-driven energy harvester with iron shield and magnetic poles rotor.…”

“…Software for connecting to internet, Data sets from measurements, Data storage locally and in the cloud. 25 [95] Other applications of energy harvesting for very low ambient energy include the results from measurements inside cargo containers, which allow the joint piezoelectric and thermoelectric generation to extend the lifetime of batteries of the IoT end nodes [89].…”

“…Small machines and actuators for converting other forms of energy into electricity, or for mechanical motion, such as triboelectric nanogenerators and piezoelectric wind energy harvesters which are used for sensors in the IoT, in self-powered devices and in power supplies for components of green IoT devices, are under study and development, in Table 5 [20,85,87,89,91].…”

Smart Textiles for Electricity Generation

“…In recent years, various working mechanisms and wearable device designs have sprung up to harvest these types of energy, − including triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), − piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), − thermoelectric generators (TEGs), − biofuel cells (BFCs), − solar cells (SCs), − and hybrid generators (HGs). − However, these electricity generators exhibit certain deficiencies for driving on-body electronics. Thick and bulky structu...…”