Energy harvesting and limits of low power mixed-signal circuit design

Amirtharajah, Rajeevan; Wenck, Justin; Guilar, N.J.

doi:10.1109/iscas.2009.5118033

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An IR-UWB transmitter, then can more easily satisfy the FCC mask requirements. At the same time, in low-complexity ULP applications for implantable biomedical devices [22], or relying on energy scavenging [23], leakage power consumption and area occupation are main limiting factors. In medical wireless body area networks (WBAN) for example, blood saturation, temperature, and electrocardiogram tag monitoring require data rates between 0.016-71 kbps, with battery lives of several months or years [24].…”

Section: A Collocation In the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Very Low-Complexity 0.3–4.4 GHz 0.004 mm$ ^{2}$ All-Digital Ultra-Wide-Band Pulsed Transmitter for Energy Detection Receivers

Crepaldi

Daprà

Bonanno

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This paper presents a very low-complexity all-digital IR-UWB transmitter that can generate pulses in the band 0-5 GHz, requiring a silicon area lower than a PAD for signal I/O. The transmitter, suited to non-standardized low data rate applications, is prototyped in a 130 nm RFCMOS technology and includes analog control signals for frequency and bandwidth tuning. Center frequency is linearly selected with voltage supply, 0.5 V for the range 0-960 MHz and 1.1 V supply for the higher 3.1-5 GHz range. The architecture is based on the same delay cell for both baseband and radio frequency signal generation and pulses fractional bandwidth remains constant when voltage supply and control voltages scale. At 420 MHz center frequency, the transmitter achieves 7 pJ/pulse, and for 4 GHz center frequency pulses, it achieves 32 pJ/pulse active energy consumption. The OOK/S-OOK transmitter occupies an area of 0.004 mm . For ASK modulation, the system includes a separate on-chip capacitor bank connected to the output of the transmitter for an overall size of 0.024 mm . For pulse rates below 100 kpps, the generated pulses meet the FCC indoor mask with an off-chip DC block capacitor. The paper also presents over-the-air measurements using a planar monopole antenna operating in the 1.5-3.7 GHz frequency range.

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Section: A Collocation In the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Very Low-Complexity 0.3–4.4 GHz 0.004 mm$ ^{2}$ All-Digital Ultra-Wide-Band Pulsed Transmitter for Energy Detection Receivers

Crepaldi

Daprà

Bonanno

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…However, temperature differences within the body are too small to yield significant power. Integrated photodiodes would require an area of less than 10 000 μm 2 compared to 30.2-mm 3 volume required for vibration energy harvesters to power a simple 16-bit digital finiteimpulse response filter operating at 1 MHz [52]. Inductive coupling has been demonstrated with off-chip inductors made of coiled wire with diameters around 5.5-22 mm at low frequencies [53]- [55], operating at a higher frequency would result in smaller devices, but adverse effects with attenuation and heating tissue within the body can arise at frequencies above 1 MHz [53].…”

Section: Implantable Biomedical Device Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Energy-Harvesting Photodiodes With Diffractive Storage Capacitance

Fong

Guilar

Kleeburg

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst.

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Abstract-Integrating energy-harvesting photodiodes with logic and exploiting on-die interconnect capacitance for energy storage can enable new, ultraminiaturized wireless systems. Unlike CMOS imager pixels, the proposed photodiode designs utilize p-diffusion fingers and are implemented in a conventional logic process. Also unlike specialized solar cell processes, the designs utilize the on-chip metal interconnect to form a diffraction grating above the p-diffusion fingers which also provides capacitive energy storage. To explore the tradeoffs between optical efficiency and energy storage for integrated photodiodes, an array of photovoltaics with various diffractive storage capacitors was designed in a 90-nm CMOS logic process. The diffractive effects can be exploited to increase the photodiodes' response to off-axis illumination. Transient effects from interfacing the photodiodes with switched-capacitor DC-DC converters were examined, with measurements indicating a 50% reduction in the output voltage ripple due to the diffractive storage capacitance. A quantitative comparison between 90-nm and 0.35-µm CMOS logic processes for energy-harvesting capabilities was carried out. Measurements show an increase in power generation for the newer CMOS technology, however at the cost of reduced output voltage. One potential application for the integrated photodiodes is harvesting energy for a subdermal biomedical device.

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Energy harvesting and limits of low power mixed-signal circuit design

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

A Very Low-Complexity 0.3–4.4 GHz 0.004 mm$ ^{2}$ All-Digital Ultra-Wide-Band Pulsed Transmitter for Energy Detection Receivers

A Very Low-Complexity 0.3–4.4 GHz 0.004 mm$ ^{2}$ All-Digital Ultra-Wide-Band Pulsed Transmitter for Energy Detection Receivers

Integrated Energy-Harvesting Photodiodes With Diffractive Storage Capacitance

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