Energy Flow and Thermal Comfort in Buildings

Influence of internal thermal mass on the indoor thermal dynamics and integration of phase change materials in furniture for building energy storage: A review

“…Surprisingly, it has been found that Fontana [21] was the only one to publish the results of an experiment investigating the impact of furniture on radiant systems. As mentioned by Le Dréau [23], further experimental researches are required to quantify the effect of furniture on the effectiveness of radiant systems.…”

“…Antonopoulos et al calculated a value of 45 kJ/K.m² for a typical Greek residential house [30]. In [23] and [51], the indoor air volume thermal capacitance is multiplied by 5 and 8 respectively, in order to account for the furniture thermal mass. This is equivalent to about 17 and 27 kJ/K.m² respectively.…”

“…The TRNSYS software uses a default value of 1.2 times the air volume heat capacitance, but some guided examples advise using a value of 3 [54]. In ref [23] and [51] the coefficient is set to 5 and 8 respectively. Another solution, presented in the 6R3C model of ref [51], is to couple the furniture thermal capacitance to the inner surface envelope temperature node.…”

“…The energy balance of an internal mass element depends on the three heat transfer modes. The dynamic conduction in a solid is a well-known problem which is handled by solving the heat equation with numerical methods such as finite difference, finite volume, finite element methods or transfer functions [23]. One-dimensional heat flux with constant thermal properties and homogenous surface temperatures are convenient assumptions, which are reasonable in the case of slabs such as equivalent internal mass elements.…”

Occupants’ Interaction With an Occupant Voting System for Thermal and Indoor Air Quality Feedback – Case Studies in Office Spaces

“…For example, in case study II the initial and final questionnaires were suitable for investigating occupants' general perception of the indoor environment. They could be used as a benchmarking tool for evaluating occupants' general satisfaction with IEQ (Karmann et al, 2018). TiAQ could provide a suitable representation of occupants' experience of the thermal environment over time.…”