Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors and Submarine Crew of the Indian Navy

Singh, Vijay Kumar; Chauhan, Amitabh; Dutta, Arkadeb; Shukla, Vasudha; Vats, Praveen; Singh, Som Nath

doi:10.14429/dsj.61.930

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Whilst total energy intake was maintained, despite potential limitations from a provision perspective, it was lower than public health guidelines 1 . Nevertheless, data are consistent with some 2 but not all 3 previously reported literature in submariner cohorts. Importantly, the energy requirement of the submariner occupational role has not been defined, therefore future work is required to determine energy expenditure to better inform dietary provision.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary intake during a Royal Navy submarine deployment

et al. 2017

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Royal Navy (RN) submarines present a unique occupational setting that exposes individuals to confined space, a lack of natural light, disruptive working patterns, and limited opportunities for physical exercise. Restricted storage space and prolonged submersion also limits access to a variety of fresh food, which imposes a challenge to achieving an adequate total energy intake, and a nutritionally balanced intake to maintain health. Information on the dietary habits of operationally deployed submariners is limited, therefore this study aimed to monitor the dietary intake of RN submariners whilst deployed.Two cohorts of male submariners on separate operational deployments (SUB1: n = 36; SUB2: n = 60) completed a 4-day food diary early in the deployment (DIET 1) and within 2 weeks prior to the end of deployment (DIET 2). The deployment period at sea was 3 months, during which food provision was not replenished. Dietary intake data were analysed using a dietary assessment software package (DietPlan 6). The study was approved by the Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 0903/228) and volunteers provided informed consent. Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) before differences between early and late stage intakes were assessed using a paired sample t-test.There were no significant differences in the mean intakes of total energy and macronutrients across the deployment for either submarine cohort (Table 1).In conclusion, dietary intake of RN submariners was not different during the early and late stages of a 3-month submarine deployment. Whilst total energy intake was maintained, despite potential limitations from a provision perspective, it was lower than public health guidelines.1 Nevertheless, data are consistent with some 2 but not all 3 previously reported literature in submariner cohorts. Importantly, the energy requirement of the submariner occupational role has not been defined, therefore future work is required to determine energy expenditure to better inform dietary provision.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary intake during a Royal Navy submarine deployment

et al. 2017

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“…In our earlier study energy expenditure of Sailors at the ship was found in a range of 2449 kcal/day -4907 kcal/day with a mean of 3313 kcal/day ± 578 kcal/day, while in case of submariners it was 3168 ± 282 (2606-3907) kcal/day 3,10 . The energy expenditure of the MARCOs and divers ranged 3200 kcal/day -4700 kcal/day (mean value 4055 kcal/day ± 465 kcal/day).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors During One Month of Extensive Physical Training

Verma¹,

Kirar²,

Singh³

et al. 2018

Def. Life. Sc. Jl.

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The present study was conducted to determine nutritional requirements during extensive physical training by sailors of Indian Navy. A total of 37 sailors who were undergoing physical trainers course at training establishment of Indian Navy participated in this study. Energy expenditure, energy intakes, nutrient status and body composition changes during one month of training were recorded. Mean energy expenditure was found to be 4035 kcal/day ± 733 kcal/day and an average intake of 4478 kcal/day ± 340 kcal/day with sufficient amount of micro and macronutrients. The level of vitamin and minerals in blood and their excretion were in the normal range. Body composition was also maintained with a marginal decrease in body fat content. Increase in grip strength of passive hand was observed (Basal: 41.5 kg ± 8.8 kg, after 1 month of training: 46.5 kg ± 6.1 kg). Results indicate adequate nutritional support from the diet and positive effects of the training on health.

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“…In terms of study design, the majority of the studies (12) were cross-sectional [ 10 , 27 – 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 44 , 45 , 48 ], whereas 3 of them were designed as qualitative [ 39 , 43 , 47 ], three studies as pre-and post/interventional [ 8 , 38 , 42 ], one reported retrospective design with existing data [ 46 ] and 7 studies did not report the study design [ 6 , 26 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 41 ]. At least two studies applied mixed methodology which probably was presented in separate articles [ 8 , 38 – 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global overview of dietary outcomes and dietary intake assessment methods in maritime settings: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Seafaring is a risky occupation with high prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Food intake and eating habits are important cornerstones regarding health and health promotion. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of dietary intake and dietary intake assessment methods of seafarers and suggestions for applicable assessment tools. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Web of Science, and SCOPUS up to February 2020 using standard keywords including nutrition OR diet OR meal AND maritime settings. Two independent reviewers extracted the data. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist. Results From 4449 studies initially identified, 26 articles were included in the final review. Qualitative data (e.g. on unhealthy eating) had been gathered using in-depth individual or group interviews, participant observations, and phone-based chats. Composition of menu analysis, 24 h dietary recall, food diaries/ diet records, dietary habits questionnaire, food stores and food waste of the ship were used to assess the quantitative outcomes (e.g. dietary intakes). Access to meat, processed meat and egg, frozen and canned food items, sugary drinks, alcohol, greasy and salty food was high. In contrast, consumption of fruit, vegetables, dairy products, and cereals was lower than recommended. Conclusions Eating habits and dietary intakes in maritime settings are unhealthy. Subjective dietary assessment methods combining menu analysis with new technologies (e.g. mobile-based) might be an applicable method in this hard to reach setting which is the vessels.

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Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors and Submarine Crew of the Indian Navy

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Dietary intake during a Royal Navy submarine deployment

Dietary intake during a Royal Navy submarine deployment

Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors During One Month of Extensive Physical Training

Global overview of dietary outcomes and dietary intake assessment methods in maritime settings: a systematic review

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