Energy Evaluation of Kala Zeera (Bunium persicumBios.) cultivation under Gurez valley of Temperate Kashmir

Abstract

Energy being the critical aspect of agricultural production, the modern agricultural system takes into account all the agricultural operations in terms of energy input and the yield obtained as energy output. It is this energy balance equation which describes the viability of a system. Depending upon the variation in energy consumption among various agro–climatic and environmental conditions and the output therein, a wide variation exists in the viability of these systems. In the present study, the energy balance in Kala zeera management system was taken into consideration. Data and information were collected and different energy use efficiency indices were calculated. Amon the production practices in Kala zeera cultivation, consumed root tubers for sowing were the most energy consuming input (43.32%) followed by diesel fuel (20.28 %) and Nitrogen (18.30). the total energy input could be classified in Kala zeera fields as direct ( 10.80%), indirect (25.60%), renewable (43.3%) and non-renewable (20.27%). Overall in view of sustainability,it is recommended that major input consumptive processes shall be optimized to increase energy use efficiency

Impact of Long Term Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) in Rice –Wheat Cropping System on Population Dynamics and Dominance of Weed Species in Wheat

“…For this reason, preventing weed induced yield losses in wheat has high significance for food sustainability. Weed infestation is one of the factors responsible for low productivity [4]. If left uncontrolled, the weeds in many fields are capable of reducing yields by more than 80% [5].…”