Energy, environmental, and economic evaluation of a CCHP system for a data center based on operational data

Xu, Donghao; Qu, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.08.021

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…in data centres building. A comprehensive research on this type of site is described in [8,9]. This paper appraises the CCHP performance on the industrial site where power, heating and cooling loads fluctuate in different mode than in the separate buildings due to thermal needs of the production lines.…”

Section: System Performance Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model is based on existing and validated procedures of TRANSYS program taking into account equipment specifications, system configurations and operational schedule. This report focuses mostly on using the simulation model results in the process of energy and environmental evaluation of the CCHP system in the similar way like in the approach described in [9]. The primary energy consumption of the system is obtained by multiplying the entire amount of energy consumed on site by its primary energy factor that takes into account all losses occurring throughout conversion, transmission, storage and distribution.…”

Section: System Performance Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and environmental evaluation of combined cooling heating and power system

Bugaj¹

2017

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract.The paper addresses issues involving problems of implementing combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system to industrial facility with well-defined demand profiles of cooling, heating and electricity. The application of CCHP system in this particular industrial facility is being evaluated by comparison with the reference system that consists of three conventional methods of energy supply: (a) electricity from external grid, (b) heat from gas-fired boilers and (c) cooling from vapour compression chillers run by electricity from the grid. The CCHP system scenario is based on the combined heat and power (CHP) plant with gas turbine-compressor arrangement and water/lithium bromide absorption chiller of a single-effect type. Those two scenarios are analysed in terms of annual primary energy usage as well as emissions of CO2. The results of the analysis show an extent of primary energy savings of the CCHP system in comparison with the reference system. Furthermore, the environmental impact of the CCHP usage, in the form of greenhouse gases emission reductions, compares quite favourably with the reference conventional option.

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Section: System Performance Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Performance Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and environmental evaluation of combined cooling heating and power system

Bugaj¹

2017

E3S Web Conf.

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“…The problem of techno-economic analysis and optimization of CCHP systems is elaborated on many works [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. These articles present modelling, simulation and optimization of CCHP systems in function of energy efficiency, the decrease of emission of greenhouse gas, and the investment return period based on object-oriented modelling with application of the Modelica programming language.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling, Simulation and Optimization of Small-Scale CCHP Energy Systems

Glavan¹,

Prelec²,

Pavković³

2015

Int. j. simul. model.

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The article defines and discusses techno-economic models of CCHP system based on a power system with an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine with electric power of 0,2-1 MW including an absorption or vapour-compression refrigeration unit. The thermodynamic, ecological and economical features of the CCHP system under different load situations are analysed in relation to the basic model of energy generation with boiler and vapour-compression refrigeration unit. Based on the data of the equipment manufacturer, functional dependency curves of individual components are created in dependency to the load, which enables the construction of a system model composed of a power system (internal combustion engine or a gas turbine), single-stage or two-stage absorption refrigeration unit and boiler. A program solution has been developed applying the object-oriented programming language Modelica that enables the insight into the behaviour and techno-economic validity of usage of the analysed systems in transformable operating conditions. The article examines various energetic models, defining for the influential parameters (electric energy and fuel prices, investment costs and the level of heat recovery) the value of total energy efficiency, the return period on investment costs and the environmental impact concerns.

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“…The possibility of further improving data center energy efficiency adopting DC-powered data center equipment is also discussed. Qu [8] reported a comprehensive performance assessment for a combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system with fuel cell in a data center. Data analysis and simulation results demonstrated great advantages of CCHP systems over conventional systems in the data center with regard to energy, environment and economic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such studies and demonstrations are mainly focused on: 1) installing high temperature fuel cells (several MW capacity) to power an entire data center [5,6], 2) advancing combined heat and power technology in the data center for better efficiency [7,8], and 3) performing economic and energy efficiency assessments [8,9]. Manno [7] simulated a cogeneration system based on a natural gas membrane steam reformer producing a pure hydrogen flow for electric power generation in a PEMFC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

Brouwer

James

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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a b s t r a c tTo improve the reliability and the energy efficiency of data centers, as well as to reduce infrastructure costs and environmental impacts, we experimentally evaluated in-rack powering of servers with a hybrid 12 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and battery system. The steady state and the transient performance of the PEMFC and battery in response to dynamic AC loads and real server loads have been evaluated and characterized. The PEMFC system responds quickly and reproducibly to load changes directly from the server rack. Peak efficiency of 55.2% in a single server rack can be achieved. The effect of fuel cell coolant temperature on the hybrid system transient behavior is also captured and evaluated. The observed PEMFC transient responses obtained from the experiments were used to design the size of the energy storage component for the hybrid system. Simulations and analysis of various types of energy storage devices for the hybrid system were carried out. To provide power to meet the most significant transient demand, energy storage capacity greater than 0.3 kWh is required for all battery types, while only 0.053 kWh capacity is required for the ultracapacitor. During charging, the ultracapacitor uses the shortest amount of time to recover to the original SOC, while the charging duration for the lead acid battery is twice as long as that of the ultracapacitor.

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Energy, environmental, and economic evaluation of a CCHP system for a data center based on operational data

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Energy and environmental evaluation of combined cooling heating and power system

Energy and environmental evaluation of combined cooling heating and power system

Modelling, Simulation and Optimization of Small-Scale CCHP Energy Systems

Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

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