Energy efficient thermal and power aware (ETPA) routing in Body Area Networks

Abstract

Abstract-Research on routing in a network of intelligent, lightweight, micro and nano-technology sensors deployed in or around the body, namely Body Area Network (BAN), has gained great interest in the recent years. In this paper, we present an energy efficient, thermal and power aware routing algorithm for BANs named Energy Efficient Thermal and Power Aware routing (ETPA). ETPA considers a node's temperature, energy level and received power from adjacent nodes in the cost function calculation. An optimization problem is also defined in order to minimize average temperature rise in the network. Our analysis demonstrates that ETPA can significantly decrease temperature rise and power consumption as well as providing a more efficient usage of the available resources compared to the most efficient routing protocol proposed so far in BANs, namely PRPLC. Also, ETPA has a considerably higher depletion time that guarantees a longer lasting communication among nodes.

Innovative Data Transmission and Routing Strategies of Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Review, Issues and Constraints of State of the Art Contributions in Recent Literature

“…However, such protocols need varied transmissions for updating link-state information that could turn out to be a constraint in implementing macro range of protocols. In [29], the authors Introduced ETPA method which means "Energy Efficient Thermal and Power-Aware routing" that offers solution for proposed factors of relative costing solutions. In addition, certain complex factors like depletion time that could result in lasting communication among the nodes considered in WBASNs.…”

Multi-hop cooperative relaying for energy efficient in vivo communications

“…Experimental results have shown that the proposed protocol is able to balance energy consumption within the network and thus guarantees a longer network life time. In addition, the work in [9] considers the node temperature, energy level, and received signal power from adjacent nodes as a cost function while determining the optimal route that minimizes the temperature rise and power consumption of the network. Moreover, the work in [10] adopts node clustering for energy saving since communication among clusters enables shorter transmission ranges.…”

Reliability Aware Routing for Intra-Wireless Body Sensor Networks

“…For NDPs, if there is no entry in the routing table RT (i.e., NULL RT) then the packet is dropped immediately (lines: 2-4). In case of any entries in RT, it searches RT in the same way as in reliability aware algorithm (lines: 5-12) but the DNH is selected based on minimum TR (lines: [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] for each node ∈ RT do (6) if PL , < = PL Thre then (7) put node into NH PL (8) end if (9) end for (10) if NH PL = = NULL then (11) Drop the packet immediately (12) else (13) for each node ∈ NH PL do (14) if PR , > = req then (15) put node into NH (16) end if (17) end for (18) end if (19) if NH = = 1 then…”

“…Inputs: NDPs and RT or RCDPs and NH (1) for each packet " " ∈ NDPs or RCDPs do (2) if ∈ NDPs then (3) if RT = = NULL then (4) drop the packet immediately (5) else (6) for each node ∈ RT do (7) if PL , > = PL Thre then (8) put node into NH PL (9) end if (10) end for (11) if NH PL = = NULL then (12) drop the packet immediately (13) else (14) for each node ∈ NH PL do (15) put TR of into TRL (16) end for (17) DNH = ∈ NH PL whose TR = = min(TRL) (18) send the packet to DNH (19) end if (20) end if (21) else if ∈ RCDPs then (22) for each node ∈ NH do (23) put TR of into TRL (24) end for (25) DNH = ∈ NH whose TR = = min(TRL) (26) send the packet to DNH (27) end if (28) end for Algorithm 2: Temperature Aware Algorithm.…”