Energy-Efficient Scheduling for Real-Time Systems on Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) Platforms

Chen, Jian-Jia; Kuo, C.‐C. Jay

doi:10.1109/rtcsa.2007.37

Cited by 150 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The dynamic power consumption, which is the main component, has a quadratic dependency on supply voltage [3] and can be represented as:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamic power consumption, which is the main component, has a quadratic dependency on supply voltage [3] and can be represented as: Where C ef is the switched capacitance, V dd is the supply voltage, and F is the processor clock frequency (sometimes referred as speed S) which can be expressed in terms of supply voltage V dd and threshold voltage V t as following:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The static power consumption is primarily occurred due to leakage current (I leak ) [3], and the static (leakage) power (P leak ) can be expressed as:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently leakage power is rapidly becoming the dominant source of power consumption in circuits and persists whether a computer is active or idle [2], and much work has been done to address this problem [3,4]. So, lowering supply voltage is one of the most effective ways to reduce both dynamic and leakage power consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconfiguration with Simultaneous DG installation to Improve the Voltage Profile in Distribution Network using Harmony Search Algorithm

Ali¹,

Babu²,

Gurusekhar³

2015

Bulletin EEI

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Reducing energy consumption is a critical issue in the design IntroductionReal-time systems are vital to industrialized infrastructure such as command and control, process control, flight control, space shuttle avionics, air traffic control systems and also mission critical computations [1]. In all cases, time has an essential role and having the right answer too late is as bad as not having it at all. In the literature, these systems have been defined as: "systems in which the correctness of the system depends not only on the logical results of computation, but also the time at which the results are produced" [1]. Such systems must react to the requests within a fixed amount of time which is called deadline. Scheduling algorithms of these systems may be considered one of the key components of a real-time system, which can either enable the system to thrive or bring it to its knees. Strict timing requirements must often be met within highly dynamic environments which do not lend themselves well to static scheduling algorithms. The level of uncertainty in dynamic, real-time environments is such as to require significant flexibility and adaptivity from real systems. Fuzzy logic contributions in this issue in the form of approximate reasoning, where it provides decisionsupport and expert systems with powerful reasoning capabilities bound by a minimum number of rules. Theoretically, fuzzy logic is a method for representing analog processes, or natural phenomena that are difficult to model mathematically on a digital computer. Therefore Fuzzy systems fit as scheduling algorithm building into the real-time system flexibility and adaptation to the uncertainty inherent in real-time environments and offer a means to improve several important characteristics of real-time systems.Since most of real time systems (devices) are battery powered. As the applications on these devices are being complicated, the energy consumption is also effectively increasing. So, minimizing energy consumption is a critical issue in the design of these systems, and techniques that reduce energy consumption have been studied at different levels in details [2].Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a technique that varies the supply voltage and clock frequency (speed) based on the computation load to provide desired performance with the minimal amount of energy consumption in ubiquitous embedded systems.The power consumption has two essential components: dynamic and static power. The dynamic power consumption, which is the main component, has a quadratic dependency on supply voltage [3] and can be represented as:

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“…The dynamic power consumption, which is the main component, has a quadratic dependency on supply voltage [3] and can be represented as:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The static power consumption is primarily occurred due to leakage current (I leak ) [3], and the static (leakage) power (P leak ) can be expressed as:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reconfiguration with Simultaneous DG installation to Improve the Voltage Profile in Distribution Network using Harmony Search Algorithm

Ali¹,

Babu²,

Gurusekhar³

2015

Bulletin EEI

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show abstract

“…In this work, it is assumed that the processor's maximum speed (frequency) is 1 and all other speeds are normalized with respect to the maximum speed. When MPSoCs platforms are considered, there are per-core and full-chip DVFS techniques [12], [13]. In the per-core DVFS, each core operates at individual frequency/voltage, and has no operating frequency constraint.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced PSO Approach for Real Time Systems Scheduling

Awadalla¹,

Elewi²

2016

IJCTE

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Abstract-Systems as asymmetric multiprocessor platforms are considered power-efficient multiprocessor architectures, efficient task partitioning (assignment) and play a crucial role in achieving more energy efficiency at these multiprocessor platforms. This paper addresses the problem of energy-aware static partitioning of periodic real time tasks on heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms. A modified Particle Swarm Optimization variant based on min-min and priority assignment algorithms for task partitioning is proposed. The proposed approach aims to minimize the overall energy consumption, meanwhile avoid deadline violations. An energy-aware cost function is proposed to be considered in the proposed approach. Extensive simulated experiments and comparisons with related approaches have been conducted and the achieved results demonstrate that the proposed partitioning scheme significantly outperforms in terms of the number of executed iterations to accomplish a specific task in addition to the energy savings.Index Terms-Task partitioning, task assignment, heterogeneous multiprocessors, particle swarm optimization, min-min, priority assignment algorithm.

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Reclaiming the energy of a schedule: models and algorithms

Aupy

Benoît

Dufossé

et al. 2012

Concurrency and Computation

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We consider a task graph to be executed on a set of processors. We assume that the mapping is given, say by an ordered list of tasks to execute on each processor, and we aim at optimizing the energy consumption while enforcing a prescribed bound on the execution time. While it is not possible to change the allocation of a task, it is possible to change its speed. Rather than using a local approach such as backfilling, we consider the problem as a whole and study the impact of several speed variation models on its complexity. For continuous speeds, we give a closed-form formula for trees and series-parallel graphs, and we cast the problem into a geometric programming problem for general directed acyclic graphs. We show that the classical dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) model with discrete modes leads to a NP-complete problem, even if the modes are regularly distributed (an important particular case in practice, which we analyze as the incremental model). On the contrary, the VDD-hopping model leads to a polynomial solution. Finally, we provide an approximation algorithm for the incremental model, which we extend for the general DVFS model.Comment: A two-page extended abstract of this work appeared as a short presentation in SPAA'2011, while the long version has been accepted for publication in "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience

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Energy-Efficient Scheduling for Real-Time Systems on Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) Platforms

Cited by 150 publications

References 65 publications

Reconfiguration with Simultaneous DG installation to Improve the Voltage Profile in Distribution Network using Harmony Search Algorithm

Reconfiguration with Simultaneous DG installation to Improve the Voltage Profile in Distribution Network using Harmony Search Algorithm

Enhanced PSO Approach for Real Time Systems Scheduling

Reclaiming the energy of a schedule: models and algorithms

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