Energy‐efficient routing protocol based on sink mobility for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Recently, many routing protocols have been implemented to accomplish progress in the energy consumption field for data collecting wireless sensor networks. Owing to the existence of many drawbacks for employing a static sink, this study utilises the idea of moving the sink node to achieve amelioration in energy utilisation and provide longer network lifetime. The idea of the proposed protocol depends on combining the mobile sink improved energy-efficient power-efficient gathering in sensor information system-based routing protocol (MIEEPB) with the direct transmission (DT) protocol to utilise the limited energy of wireless sensors efficiently. As the motorised movement of the sink is operated by petrol or electricity, the data loss through the transition of this sink from its current location to the next location must be diminished by restricting the moving distance. In the proposed protocol, the mobile sink must spend at least a certain amount of time (sojourn time) at each of its sojourn locations to avoid overhead. Extensive analysis was implemented on the proposed protocol (called MIEEPB-DT) to appraise and compare it with MIEEPB and DT. Simulation results show that the proposed MIEEPB-DT protocol gives better improvement in energy efficiency and network lifetime than both MIEEPB and DT.

Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Data Collection by a UAV with a Limited-Capacity Battery in Robotic Wireless Sensor Networks

“…In this example, we take the initial position of the UAV as ξ 0 = (0, 0). With respect to this initial position, the positions of the CH robots are (ξ 1 , ξ 2 , ξ 3 , ξ 4 , ξ 5 , ξ 6 ) = ((−16, 12), (9,16), (−13, 16), (−7, 24), (0, 24), (6,32)).…”

“…The proposed algorithm performs better than two algorithms (considering the similar problems), the energy-efficient cluster-based dynamic routing algorithm (ECDRA) and the cluster-chain mobile agent routing (CCMAR). The work [ 32 ] considers a network which consists of static sensor nodes distributed uniformly randomly and a mobile sink with unlimited battery capacity. The authors propose the MIEEPB-DT protocol which combines direct transmission (DT) protocol with the mobile sink improved energy-efficient power-efficient gathering in sensor information system-based routing protocol (MIEEPB) [ 33 ] for the efficient usage of the limited energy of nodes.…”

“…It is assumed that the initial position of the UAV, the position of the fusion center is ξ 0 = (0, 0). With respect to this initial position, the positions of the CH robotsare (ξ 1 , ξ 2 , ξ 3 , ξ 4 , ξ 5 , ξ 6 , ξ 7 ) = ((24, −32), (48, −25), (72, −32), (72, 7), (48, 0), (48,25),(24,32)) m. The UAV uses an optimal strategy such that it visits CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, CH 5, CH 6 and CH 7 in order. To follow that route, the UAV needs exactly the following amount of energyE π U AV = E U AV (0, 1) + E U AV (1, 2) + E U AV (2, 3) + E U AV (3, 4) + E U AV (4, 5) + E U AV (5, 6) + E U AV (6, 7) + E U AV (7, 0)…”

“…The UAV uses an optimal strategy such that it visits CH 1, CH 2, CH 4, CH 5, CH 6, and CH 7 in order (The path has a length of 220 m). With respect to the initial position at ξ 0 = (0, 0), the positions of the CH robots are(ξ 1 , ξ 2 , ξ 3 , ξ 4 , ξ 5 , ξ 6 , ξ 7 ) = ((24, −32), (48, −25), (72, −32), (72, 7), (48, 0), (48,25),(24,32)) m. The whole multi-robot system consists of a fusion center (FC) where the UAV starts its route and 7 cluster head (CH) robots around FC. The red circles show the locations of the cluster head (CH) robots in their robot cluster.…”

Efficient Clustering based Genetic Algorithm in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

“…There are various types of mobility in MWSNs such as mobile sink only [5], mobile sensor nodes only [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], or joint sink and sensor nodes mobility [19]. The limited power, radio capability, and storage area due to the small size of the nodes leads to developing many clustering routing protocols in static WSNs to utilize this limited energy and resources.…”