Energy-efficient reverse osmosis desalination: Effect of retentate recycle and pump and energy recovery device efficiencies

80,000h operational experience and performance analysis of a brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plant. Assessment of membrane replacement cost

“…The desalted water is considered a source of water for agricultural purposes [2][3][4][5] as freshwater resources may soon be insufficient to satisfy the growing demand for agricultural produce. As a highly energy intensive process, energy consumption is key and one of the highest cost components in RO desalination plants [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The long term success of a small brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination plant depends (among other things) on the reliability of the RO membranes installed.…”

Bench-Scale and Pilot-Scale Treatment Technologies for the Removal of Total Dissolved Solids from Coal Mine Water: A Review

“…Mohan and Chander (2001) reported poor Ca 2? adsorption on AC, but some modifications in the AC surface improved its (Mitra 2008); relatively small footprint Prone to biofouling and scaling; to avoid this, filtering up to [5 lm may be necessary; low water recoveries [50-75 %; Chong et al (2015)] and low flow rates expected with high saline concentrations in influent sorption (Goldin et al 2005). Nevertheless, AC is not commonly used for TDS removal.…”

Effect of membrane performance including fouling on cost optimization in brackish water desalination process

“…Furthermore, specific energy consumption (SEC), which translates to the amount of energy required to produce a certain amount of water, can be lowered down due to its dependency on OPD. The calculation of OPD and SEC was shown in Table 4 [20,21]. These estimations will be used to assist Verberne Cost Model in the selection of optimal membrane recovery rate for economic benefits.…”

“…The degradation in membrane performance can be attributed to fouling phenomena. Basically, foulant in the solution formed a cake layer on the membrane surface, affecting the permeation of water and rejection of salt ions [18][19][20][21][22]. Images from FESEM (Fig.…”