Energy‐efficient operation of indirect adiabatic data center cooling systems via Newton‐like phasor extremum seeking control

Lionello, Michele; Lucchese, Riccardo; Rampazzo, Mirco; Guay, Martin; Atta, Khalid Tourkey

doi:10.1002/acs.3223

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Physics based models are developed in [24] to allow the prediction of the energy consumption and heat transfer phenomenon in a data center. A supervisory control strategy is studied in [25] for an indirect adiabatic cooling system with application to data centers. The optimization problem of data center cooling system is formulated as an integer linear programming problem and solved using a heuristic algorithm in [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling of Cooling and Power Combined Supply System for Tropical Renewable Microgrids

et al. 2021

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To satisfy the residential cooling demand in tropical large renewable microgrids (MGs), multiple ice-storage air conditionings (IACs) are usually used to supply cold energy. However, these IACs could not directly exchange the cold energy, which seriously limits the combined regulation effect. To address the problem, a novel cooling and power combined supply system (CPCSS) is proposed in this paper, where the trucks are used to distribute the ices among IACs. To evaluate the performance on the multi-time scales, a cooling and power combined supply model is established. On this basis, a two-stage (i.e., day-ahead and real-time stage) scheduling strategy is presented to minimize the MG operation cost. To speed up the solution, this scheduling model is first linearized as a classic mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISCP) problem, and then is solved by Lagrange solution method. Simulation studies on an IEEE 14-node system indicates that compared with the existing MG operation cost, the annual operational cost of the based-twotruck CPCSS could be reduced by 9868800 yuan (12.6%), while the network loss could be decreased from 5.4 to 3.9 MWh. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.INDEX TERMS Renewable microgrid, ice-storage air conditioning, multi-time scale, cooling and power combined supply system, Lagrange solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling of Cooling and Power Combined Supply System for Tropical Renewable Microgrids

et al. 2021

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“…This problem is indeed important, since it relates to the efficient and optimal control of energy spent in buildings for indoor air quality and comfort regulation. The first paper, 15 focuses on the case of computer room air conditioning systems, which are paramount to the optimal functioning of modern large data centers. In this application, an optimal operation is achieved when the required cooling demand is satisfied at the minimum energy cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial for the special issue on extremum seeking control: Theory and applications

Benosman

KrstićMiroslav

GuayMartin

et al. 2021

Adaptive Control & Signal

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Real-world systems have to operate in uncertain and changing environments, thus the necessity to design feedback controllers which can adapt to such uncertainties. Controllers which are designed to satisfy this goal are called adaptive controllers. We can classify adaptive control into three main subclasses, for example, Reference 1: Classical model-based adaptive control, which mainly uses models of the controlled system; learning-based adaptive control, which uses both model-based and data-driven techniques to design modular adaptive controllers; and data-driven adaptive control, which is based on the interaction of the controller with the system. In this special issue, we shall focus on a specific class of data-driven adaptive controllers, namely, extremum seekers.Recently, there have been a lot of efforts in this direction of control. One of the reasons behind this increasing interest is that, following the pioneering ESC analysis paper, 2 the field of ESC has reached a certain maturity, which has led to good analysis and understanding of the main properties of the available algorithms. The idea behind ESC is to design a closed-loop dynamical system, such that its flow converges to the optimum of a given static or dynamic cost function, for example, References 3-5. This type of optimization algorithms is also referred to as continuous optimization, for example, Reference 6. The advantages of such optimization approaches comparatively to classical optimization algorithms is the fact that extremum seekers do not require a closed-form expression of the cost function. Moreover, they do not require multiple evaluation of the cost function at each point to estimate the gradient (or higher order derivatives) of the cost function, since they include some internal states which converge to an estimate of the derivatives of the cost over time. Besides, their formulation as a closed-loop control problem allows us to use numerous tools from dynamical systems theory and control theory, for example, time-scale separation, averaging theory, Lyapunov stability theory, to perform rigorous analysis of their convergence and robustness properties w.r.t. initial conditions changes and other hyperparameters tuning.In this special issue, we have included 10 papers, which could be divided into two main types. The first type, more theoretical, presents new extremum seeking methods designed for different dynamical systems, from systems with delays, and multiagent systems, to distributed systems. The second type of papers deals with real-world applications of extremum seeking controllers to challenging systems, ranging from microalgae cultivation control to heating and ventilation systems. These papers are compiled in a special virtual issue of the journal at the journal homepage. To access all of the papers, please follow the following link (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10991115/2021/35/7).For instance, Reference 7 presents a novel ESC for batch-to-batch optimal control of unknown time-varying systems. The authors show that the ...

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Real-time optimization of integrated subcooling transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater via phasor extreme seeking control (ESC)

Cui

Ren

Rampazzo

et al. 2023

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Energy‐efficient operation of indirect adiabatic data center cooling systems via Newton‐like phasor extremum seeking control

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Optimal Scheduling of Cooling and Power Combined Supply System for Tropical Renewable Microgrids

Optimal Scheduling of Cooling and Power Combined Supply System for Tropical Renewable Microgrids

Editorial for the special issue on extremum seeking control: Theory and applications

Real-time optimization of integrated subcooling transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater via phasor extreme seeking control (ESC)

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