Energy Efficient Medium Access Control Protocol for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks with Adaptive Cross-Layer Scheduling

Abstract

This paper presents an Energy Efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for clustered wireless sensor networks that aims to improve energy efficiency and delay performance. The proposed protocol employs an adaptive cross-layer intra-cluster scheduling and an inter-cluster relay selection diversity. The scheduling is based on available data packets and remaining energy level of the source node (SN). This helps to minimize idle listening on nodes without data to transmit as well as reducing control packet overhead. The relay selection diversity is carried out between clusters, by the cluster head (CH), and the base station (BS). The diversity helps to improve network reliability and prolong the network lifetime. Relay selection is determined based on the communication distance, the remaining energy and the channel quality indicator (CQI) for the relay cluster head (RCH). An analytical framework for energy consumption and transmission delay for the proposed MAC protocol is presented in this work. The performance of the proposed MAC protocol is evaluated based on transmission delay, energy consumption, and network lifetime. The results obtained indicate that the proposed MAC protocol provides improved performance than traditional cluster based MAC protocols.

Differential Game for Resource Allocation in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

“…as Poisson random variables with an arrival packet rate λ = 0.6 packets/s and packet size of 200 bits. The energy and data arrivals of all sensor nodes are independent identically distributed [34].…”

Medium Access Control Protocol for High Altitude Platform Based Massive Machine Type Communication

“…When compared with [8], the data sent from the sensor nodes to the CH node is only data from sensing and the time between packet arrivals is a Poisson process. Meanwhile, in this study, it can be seen in Figures 4 and 6 that the data sent from the sensor nodes to the CH node is data from sensing (Round Robin data) as well as data that contains information about events in the sensor node (Interrupt) and data requested by the CH node (Query).…”

“…Ref. [8] only evaluated 100 sensor nodes, while in this study, evaluation was carried out for 23,000 sensor nodes. Also, Ref.…”

“…Sefuba, et al [8] proposed an energy-efficient MAC protocol for cluster-based WSNs based on distance, residual energy, and channel quality to improve the energy and delay performance of WSNs. They used a model for a cluster-based WSN scenario adopted from LEACH.…”

Reliable Detection of Signal Tones in Presence of Collisions

“…However, CSMA is susceptible to hidden terminal collisions, which cause high energy wastage due to the transmission and reception of collided data packets, as well as retransmission of lost data. The RTS/CTS handshake mechanism solves the hidden terminal problem and is widely used in general wireless networks [8]. With RTS/CTS, CM informs CH of its intent to transmit by sending a request-to-send (RTS) control packet.…”