Energy‐efficient machine type communication in HetNets under statistical QoS guarantees

Abstract

There has been an unprecedented rise in the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) in the past decade. One of the underlying reasons for this exponential growth is that IoT allows for massive machine‐type communication (mMTC), which facilities machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communication with minimal human intervention. However, mMTC devices are characterized by resource and energy limitations, and thus require powerful and efficient power allocation methods that do not jeopardize quality‐of‐service (QoS) performance. In this work, a statistical QoS analysis of M2M communication in heterogeneous wireless networks is performed. We propose a communication mode selection (CMS) scheme that selects an uplink transmission link from the available candidate links based on pathloss criteria. The closed‐form expressions for the Effective Capacity and effective energy efficiency (Effective‐EE) of the M2M communication in the heterogeneous wireless network are derived and verified via simulations. The optimal fixed transmission rate that maximizes the Effective Capacity and Effective‐EE is also analytically analyzed. Furthermore, four scenarios are adopted to study the overall Effective Capacity and Effective‐EE of a two‐hop M2M communication link where the transmitter and access point operate under independent and identical QoS constraints. This article also investigates the impact of circuit power and the efficiency of the power amplifier on the achievable Effective‐EE of the communication link.

Traffic Classification and Packet Scheduling Strategy with Deadline Constraints for Input-Queued Switches in Time-Sensitive Networking

“…The commonly used high-performance packet-switching systems include output queuing systems, input queuing systems, buffered switching systems and so on [11]. Output queuing systems can control packet delay and provide QoS guarantees [12][13][14]. However, in an N-port switching system, the exchange structure needs to schedule packets at a rate N times that of the input port link, which may lead to resource wastage and poor scalability.…”