Energy-Efficient Integrated Circuit Solutions Toward Miniaturized Closed-Loop Neural Interface Systems

Abstract

Miniaturized implantable devices play a crucial role in neural interfaces by monitoring and modulating neural activities on the peripheral and central nervous systems. Research efforts toward a compact wireless closed-loop system stimulating the nerve automatically according to the user's condition have been maintained. These systems have several advantages over open-loop stimulation systems such as reduction in both power consumption and side effects of continuous stimulation. Furthermore, a compact and wireless device consuming low energy alleviates foreign body reactions and risk of frequent surgical operations. Unfortunately, however, the miniaturized closed-loop neural interface system induces several hardware design challenges such as neural activity recording with severe stimulation artifact, real-time stimulation artifact removal, and energy-efficient wireless power delivery. Here, we will review recent approaches toward the miniaturized closed-loop neural interface system with integrated circuit (IC) techniques.

A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Trends and Innovative Therapies in Epilepsy Management

“…By detecting these patterns in real time, closed-loop systems can promptly deliver targeted stimulation precisely when and where it is needed, effectively preventing the progression of seizures before they fully manifest [ 125 , 130 ]. This personalized approach not only improves the efficacy of the neurostimulation but also minimizes the risk of overstimulation and potential side effects that can occur with continuous, open-loop stimulation [ 131 , 132 ].…”

Near‐field wireless power transfer used in biomedical implants: A comprehensive review

“…Usually, the half-life of DBS implants ranges between three and five years, which means frequent, costly, and risky surgical interventions are required to replace the implant. To overcome this complication and enhance DBS lifetime, WPT could be considered a comfortable method to provide sufficient power to the stimulator [97,98]. Many studies have focused on using WPT in DBS.…”

Experimental Validation of a High-Voltage Compliant Neural Stimulator implemented in a Standard 1.8V/3.3V CMOS Process

“…To withstand such a broad range of stimulation currents and ETI values, the neural stimulator should have two fundamental features: (1) an on-chip programmable high-voltage generator to guarantee that the stimulator operates under safety limits without excessive power dissipation [21] and (2) a neural stimulator front-end with a wide range of compliance voltages. This work addresses the design and experimental verification of a neural stimulator with such features.…”