Energy-efficient dynamic clusters of servers

Abstract

Electric power consumed by servers has to be reduced in order to realize green societies. We consider computation (CP) and storage (ST) types of application processes performed on servers in this paper, where CPU and storage drives are mainly used, respectively. In the storage-and computation-based power consumption model proposed by the authors, the power consumption rate of a server depends on what types of processes are performed but is independent of how may processes are performed on the server. In the storage-and computation-based processing model, the execution time of an ST process depends on the number of concurrent CP and ST processes but the execution time of a CP process depends on only CP processes and is independent of ST processes. In our previous studies, the energy-aware algorithm is discussed to select a server in a cluster of servers for each request so that the total power consumption of the servers can be reduced. However, a server consumes electric power even if the server is idle, i.e. no process is performed. In this paper, we discuss a dynamic energyaware (DEA) cluster which includes only active servers where at least one process is performed. A server for each request is selected in a dynamic cluster so that the total 123 D. Duolikun et al.power consumption of servers in the cluster can be reduced. We evaluate the DEA algorithm in terms of the total power consumption and average execution time and show the total power consumption can be reduced.

A Power and Performance Management Simulation Platform for Web Application Server Cluster

“…Some works [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12] use simulation tests to evaluate their strategies. However, [7][8] and [9] do not give simulation methods; [1] and [10] just simulate in computational level rather than cluster's actual operation; [11] and [12] use their own simulator to simulate, but do not give the design details of their simulators.…”

Eco Models of Storage-Based Severs

“…In communication processes like FTP applications [9], communication devices are used to send and receive data in networks. In storage processes [10], [4], storage devices like hard disk drives (HDD) are manipulated to read and write data in files like database applications.…”

“…Types of power consumption models [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9] , [10] are proposed to show how much electric power [W] a whole sever consumes to perform types of application processes. In the simple power consumption (SPC) model [5], [6], a sever s t consumes the maximum electric power maxE t [W] if at least one computation process is performed.…”

“…Storage processes [10], [4] are processes which read and write files in storage devices like HDD. In this paper, we consider a server where storage processes are performed in addition to computation processes.…”

An Energy-Aware Migration of Virtual Machines

“…Here, a virtual machine migrates to a more energy-efficient guest server. The models to estimate the electric energy of a server and termination time of each process are proposed in papers [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [23], [24], [25]. However, it is in reality not easy to get enough data to do the estimation like the total amount of computation and computation laxity of each process from servers.…”