Energy-efficient downlink resource management in self-organized OFDMA-based two-tier femtocell networks

Abstract

Femtocell is a novel technology that is used for escalating indoor coverage as well as the capacity of traditional cellular networks. However, interference is the limiting factor for performance improvement due to co-channel deployment between macrocells and femtocells. The traditional network planning is not feasible because of the random deployment of femtocells. Therefore, self-organization approaches are the key to having successful deployment of femtocells. This study presents the joint resource block (RB) and power allocation task for the two-tier femtocell network in a self-organizing manner, with the concern to minimizing the impact of interference and maximizing the energy efficiency.In this study, we analyze the performance of the system in terms of the energy efficiency, which is composed of both the transmission and circuit power. Most of the previous studies investigate the performance regarding the throughput requirement of the two-tier femtocell network while the energy efficiency aspect is largely ignored. Here, the joint allocation task is modeled as a non-cooperative game which is demonstrated to exhibit pure and unique Nash equilibrium. In order to reduce the complexity of the proposed non-cooperative game, the joint RB and power allocation task is divided into two subproblems: an RB allocation and a particle swarm optimization-based power allocation. The analysis of the proposed game is carried out in terms of not only energy efficiency but also throughput. With practical 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) parameters, the simulation results illustrate the superior performance of the proposed game as compared to the traditional methods. Also, the comparison is carried out with the joint allocation scheme which only considers the throughput as the objective function. The results illustrate that significant performance improvement is achieved in terms of energy efficiency with slight loss in the throughput. The analysis in regard to energy efficiency and throughput of the two-tier femtocell network is carried out in terms of the performance metrics, which include convergence, impact of varying RBs, impact of femtocell density, and the fairness index.

Smart Energy Efficient Device-to-Multidevice Cooperative Clustering for Multicasting Content

“…. , , − } (8) ,worst = cluster members with ,worst (9) = + 1 (10) choose a new cluster head +1 from the cluster members that has best channel condition with both BS and ,worst (11) Adjust the bandwidth of BS such that (11) is satisfied (12) update:…”

“…Here, we will discuss the variation in power allocation of cluster heads to make ( ) positive and satisfy (12), while to meet (11) only bandwidth of BS will be changed. As a consequence, efficient clustering mechanism will increase number of cluster heads in a way that the received power of the worst cluster member will increase with , thus increasing the data rate of the multicast communication.…”

“…Generally, it is desired to have higher data rate of multicast communication so that overall communication time can be reduced. The total power of a mobile device is comprised of transmit power and circuit power [12]. The reduction in communication time will ensure reduced circuit energy consumption in all the devices that are participating in multicast communication.…”

Optimized Energy Harvesting, Cluster-Head Selection and Channel Allocation for IoTs in Smart Cities

“…A possible way for accomplishing this is to extend the operating frequency using cognitive radio (CR) technology [32,33,34,35]. The CR is an intelligent radio that learns, decides and reconfigures itself according to the available portion of the spectrum [36]. There are two kinds of users in CRNs: (1) primary users (PUs) and (2) CR users.…”

QoS‐aware downlink radio resource management in OFDMA‐based small cells networks

“…The transmission power has been adjusted to reduce the interference in the proposed methods in [11, 12]. The study in [13] has presented the joint physical resource block (PRB) and power allocation task for the two‐tier femtocell network in a self‐organising manner, with the concern to minimising the effect of interference and maximising the energy efficiency. In [14], the authors have considered a joint sub‐channel allocation and power control problem for OFDMA femtocell networks.…”