Energy-efficient cooperative relaying protocol for full-duplex cognitive radio users and delay-aware primary users

Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimisation based Energy Efficient Dynamic Correlation Behavior of Secondary Nodes in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

“…The initial step of spectrum sensing for the network is performed by the SU. In cooperative communication, when the SU transmits its information to the fusion centre (FC), there is always a chance of spectrum sensing data falsification [27]. On the basis of BSS technology, the authors in [28] realised the efficient and energy-saving node localisation in optical WSNs by vector quantisation.…”

“…Therefore, it is defined as the polymerisation degree factor p f . The value range is (0, 1) and the formula is as follows: (27) When the degree of polymerisation approaches a value of 1, it indicates that the degree of polymerisation of each particle in the particle group is higher. Here p f = 1 indicates that the degree of polymerisation of the particles in space is maximised, and all particles are aggregated at the same point.…”

Spatial–Temporal Queuing Theoretic Modeling of Opportunistic Multihop Wireless Networks With and Without Cooperation

“…In [22] the authors consider uplink of a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based primary network where some cognitive nodes assist the primary network by re-transmitting some primary packets that were not received successfully at the base-station. In [23] and [24] the authors consider cooperation between a primary user and a relaying secondary user such that the secondary rate is maximized subject to stability of the primary queue. Under the proposed protocol in [23] the primary queueing delay with cooperation is less than that without cooperation and average energy emitted by the secondary user is below a certain threshold.…”

“…In [23] and [24] the authors consider cooperation between a primary user and a relaying secondary user such that the secondary rate is maximized subject to stability of the primary queue. Under the proposed protocol in [23] the primary queueing delay with cooperation is less than that without cooperation and average energy emitted by the secondary user is below a certain threshold. Under the proposed protocol in [24] the primary user cooperates with secondary user if and only if the average number of transmitted primary packets per unit energy is higher with cooperation than without.…”