Energy Efficient Base Station Transmit Power Adaptation for Green 5G Massive MIMO Systems

“…Moreover, these higher frequencies exhibit significant potential for specific wireless communication applications due to their shorter wavelength and exceptional directivity. Thus, THz waves can be advantageous for transmitting greater amounts of information and bandwidth compared to lower frequencies, particularly over shorter distances [21].…”

Section: ) Short Wavelength and Good Directivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Terahertz (THz) Frequency Propagation and Link Design for Federated Learning in 6G Wireless Systems

Mahmood,

Kiah,

Azizul

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One significant aspect of 5G networks involves expanding radio access into the millimeter-wave spectrum. However, the demand for higher throughput from emerging services necessitates the utilisation of the Terahertz (THz) spectrum. This transition introduces interdisciplinary challenges to wireless communication stacks, influencing network modelling and deployment, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) playing a key role. The THz communication spectrum and Federated Learning (FL) represent new concepts gaining traction in the 6G paradigm as advanced AI. FL is a decentralised approach, emphasizing data confidentiality and security within wireless networks. The THz spectrum, between 0.1 and 10 THz, is crucial for ultra-broadband wireless systems beyond 5G, offering high data rates through wide bandwidth. Broadband wireless access using THz waves over short distances and fixed links holds promise, functioning as optical network bridges or alternatives in challenging environments. The 300 to 900 GHz range holds potential due to its wide bandwidth and expected commercial circuits, making it valuable for high-speed data and video transmission. While lower-frequency signals travel longer distances and penetrate buildings, millimetre and potential Terahertz signals have limited range and penetration due to free-space path loss and molecules or water droplets. Despite these challenges, THz technology can densely pack communication links, maximizing spectrum usage and enhancing transmission security. This article briefly overviews the THz spectrum in fixed wireless communication, discussing applications and future directions. It conducts a comprehensive analysis, comparing it with microwave and mm-wave spectra in terms of propagation, weather effects, and link budget calculations. The suitability of THz for fixed wireless links is evaluated, particularly within 1 km distances, with an emphasis on specific requirements. The article investigates into THz properties and estimates achievable data rates while maintaining generality through simplified assumptions and equations. We propose leveraging the largely untapped THz frequency band to enhance FL communication. In the healthcare sector, we introduce FL, relying on a wireless backhaul infrastructure and THz-based wireless backhaul with a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Hospitals are identified as the designated end-users who employ a private network through service providers' wireless backhaul network to enhance privacy and network efficiency. It establishes the foundation for utilizing THz in 6G wireless backhaul, enhancing bandwidth through the THz spectrum using a VPN, and introducing a novel network architecture to support secure cross-silo FL, focusing on healthcare improvement. INDEX TERMSFederated Learning, 6G, Wireless Backhaul, Terahertz, Tera-IAB I. INTRODUCTION T HE wireless systems have undergone dramatic changes in the last decade owing to the demand for high-speed network of the revolutionary technologies and applications data demand. It has been observed that wire...

show abstract

“…It can be seen that the increasing carrier frequency and decreasing wavelength are the development trend of wireless communication. Terahertz (THz) communication with higher frequency and shorter wavelength are expected to become the dominant direction of mobile communication in the future [2].…”

Section: Introduction 1motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO-Terahertz in 6G Nano-Communications: Channel Modeling and Analysis

Bashir¹,

Alsharif²,

Khan³

et al. 2020

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the development of wireless mobile communication technology, the demand for wireless communication rate and frequency increases year by year. Existing wireless mobile communication frequency tends to be saturated, which demands for new solutions. Terahertz (THz) communication has great potential for the future mobile communications (Beyond 5G), and is also an important technique for the high data rate transmission in spatial information network. THz communication has great application prospects in military-civilian integration and coordinated development. In China, important breakthroughs have been achieved for the key techniques of THz high data rate communications, which is practically keeping up with the most advanced technological level in the world. Therefore, further intensifying efforts on the development of THz communication have the strategic importance for China in leading the development of future wireless communication techniques and the standardization process of Beyond 5G. This paper analyzes the performance of the MIMO channel in the Terahertz (THz) band and a discrete mathematical method is used to propose a novel channel model. Then, a channel capacity model is proposed by the combination of path loss and molecular absorption in the THz band based on the CSI at the receiver. Simulation results show that the integration of MIMO in the THz band gives better data rate and channel capacity as compared with a single channel.

show abstract

Energy Efficient Base Station Transmit Power Adaptation for Green 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Optimal Energy Efficiency Based Power Adaptation for Downlink Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems

Optimal Energy Efficiency Based Power Adaptation for Downlink Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems

Analysis of Terahertz (THz) Frequency Propagation and Link Design for Federated Learning in 6G Wireless Systems

MIMO-Terahertz in 6G Nano-Communications: Channel Modeling and Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About