Energy Efficiency of Directly Modulated Oxide-Confined High Bit Rate 850-nm VCSELs for Optical Interconnects

Moser, Philip; Lott, James A.; Bimberg, D.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2013.2255266

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…В то же время лазеры с токовой апертурой 3−4 µm, в которых фактор подавления мод высшего порядка (SMSR) не превышает 10−20 dB (так назывемые квазиодномодовые лазеры), позволяют не только достичь высоких частот эффективной модуляции при малых токах накачки, но и уменьшить ширину спектра лазерной генерации по сравнению с таковой для типичных многомодовых ВИЛ [32]. Такой подход широко используется для повышения энергоэффективности оптических передат-чиков на основе ВИЛ и дальности передачи данных по стандартному многомодовому оптоволокну [75][76][77]. Альтернативным подходом к увеличению плотности фотонов, при-ходящихся на одну лазерную моду, является управление модовым составом (уменьшение числа мод) в изначально многомодовом ши-рокоапертурном приборе путем внесения селективных оптических Письма в ЖТФ, 2018, том 44, вып.…”

Section: управление модовым составом излученияunclassified

Высокоскоростные Полупроводниковые Вертикально-Излучающие Лазеры Для Оптических Систем Передачи Данных (Обзор)

Блохин¹,

Малеев²,

Бобров³

et al. 2018

Письма В Журнал Технической Физики

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The main problems of providing a high-speed operation semiconductor lasers with a vertical microcavity (so-called “vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers”) under amplitude modulation and ways to solve them have been considered. The influence of the internal properties of the radiating active region and the electrical parasitic elements of the equivalent circuit of lasers are discussed. An overview of approaches that lead to an increase of the cutoff parasitic frequency, an increase of the differential gain of the active region, the possibility of the management of mode emission composition and the lifetime of photons in the optical microcavities, and reduction of the influence of thermal effects have been presented. The achieved level of modulation bandwidth of ∼30 GHz is close to the maximum achievable for the classical scheme of the direct-current modulation, which makes it necessary to use a multilevel modulation format to further increase the information capacity of optical channels constructed on the basis of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

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Section: управление модовым составом излученияunclassified

Высокоскоростные Полупроводниковые Вертикально-Излучающие Лазеры Для Оптических Систем Передачи Данных (Обзор)

Блохин¹,

Малеев²,

Бобров³

et al. 2018

Письма В Журнал Технической Физики

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“…VCSEL-based optical interconnects currently dominate short-reach data transmissions in data centers and supercomputers based on multimode optical fiber (MMF) for distances from a few meters up to about 300 m. The actual VCSEL has a top mesa diameter of ~30 µm [1].…”

Section: Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers For Short-reach and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the CW and dynamic properties of oxide-confined VCSELs strongly vary with the oxide-aperture diameter having a large impact on the energy efficiency [1,3]. The VCSELs employed in modern commercial optical interconnects typically have oxide-aperture diameters of 7 -10 µm.…”

Section: Impact Of the Oxide Aperture Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VCSELs with such large oxide aperture diameters achieve high maximum optical output power and can be operated at large currents while the current-density remains low. In order to achieve a high bit rate at simultaneously low consumed and dissipated power our group demonstrated that smaller oxide-aperture diameters are beneficial [1][2][3][4][5][6]. VCSELs with smaller oxide-aperture diameters demonstrate larger relaxation resonance frequencies at lower bias currents above threshold current than compared to similar VCSELs with larger oxide-aperture diameters.…”

Section: Impact Of the Oxide Aperture Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-efficient, temperature stable, high data rate VCSELs for optical interconnects

Bimberg

Larisch

Moser

et al. 2014

2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

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Principles of energy-efficient high speed operation of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are presented. Trade-offs between oxide-aperture diameter, current density, and energy consumption per bit are demonstrated and discussed. Record energy-efficient error-free data transmission up to 40 Gb/s, across up to 1000 m of multimode optical fiber and at up to 85 °C is reported with dissipated energy reaching 50 fJ/bit at room temperature.

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“…vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as the reliable light sources of choice for several optoelectronic systems and applications due to their small size, planar fabrication of high-density two dimensional arrays, low power consumption, circular optical beam profile necessary for efficient beam coupling, high performance, and simple integration [1]- [3].…”

Section: Introduction Nfraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with a Multi-Oxide Layer Structure: Small Change Big Effect

2016

8th International Conference on Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (ICLTET-2016) May 5-6 2016 Dubai (UAE)

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Abstract-Conventional vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) structure generally incorporates 1 to 2 oxidation layers for electrical and optical confinement. Incorporating several oxidation layers (> 2) within the VCSEL's distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure is a small and simple to do change, but with big effect. VCSELs structure with multi-oxide layers (MOLs) are expected to demonstrate several advantages over conventional structures. This paper mainly discusses the MOL structure effect on frequency modulation bandwidth (f -3dB ) and slightly touches on single-mode and thermal issues. Simulation results indicated ~68% improvement in f -3dB max , where conventional and MOL VCSELs exhibited f -3dB max values of 22GHz and 37GHz, respectively. In addition, MOL VCSELs maintain single-mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio of >32 dB. On the other hand, MOL structure demonstrated a degraded performance in terms of reduced thermal conductivity values of 0.084 W/cm-K compared to GaAs and AlAs.

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Energy Efficiency of Directly Modulated Oxide-Confined High Bit Rate 850-nm VCSELs for Optical Interconnects

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Высокоскоростные Полупроводниковые Вертикально-Излучающие Лазеры Для Оптических Систем Передачи Данных (Обзор)

Высокоскоростные Полупроводниковые Вертикально-Излучающие Лазеры Для Оптических Систем Передачи Данных (Обзор)

Energy-efficient, temperature stable, high data rate VCSELs for optical interconnects

Infrared Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with a Multi-Oxide Layer Structure: Small Change Big Effect

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