Energy efficiency evaluation of integrated CO 2 trans-critical system in supermarkets: A field measurements and modelling analysis

Karampour, Mazyar; Sawalha, Samer

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.06.002

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The method of finding their electricity use proportions are explained in detail in a previous study by Karampour and Sawalha (2017). In brief, for…”

Section: The Total Refrigerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research on systems integration is reviewed comprehensively by Karampour and Sawalha (2017). To mention some of these research works, heat recovery is studied by (Sawalha, 2013), (Reinholdt and Madsen, 2010) (Polzot et al, 2017) (Nöding et al, 2016) and the integration of air conditioning is discussed by (Hafner et al, 2016) (Karampour and Sawalha, 2016a) (Girotto, 2016) (Gullo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

Karampour

Sawalha

2018

International Journal of Refrigeration

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126

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This paper investigates the integrated and state-of-the art features of CO 2 trans-critical booster systems. The main objective is to identify the most promising solutions in terms of energy efficiency impacts.First, the performance of modified features and integrated functions have been compared with the standard CO2 system and alternative heating and air conditioning solutions. Subsequently, the performance of the defined state-of-the-art CO 2 system is compared to natural refrigerant-based cascade and HFC/HFO-based DX and indirect refrigeration solutions operating in cold and warm climates.The results indicate that two-stage heat recovery, flooded evaporation, parallel compression and integration of air conditioning are the most promising features of the state-of-the-art integrated CO2 system. This compact and environmentally friendly system is the most energy efficient solution in cold climates, and is also an efficient solution in warm climates, with comparable efficiency to cascade and HFC/HFO DX systems, but with no existing or potential limitations.

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“…The method of finding their electricity use proportions are explained in detail in a previous study by Karampour and Sawalha (2017). In brief, for…”

Section: The Total Refrigerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

Karampour

Sawalha

2018

International Journal of Refrigeration

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126

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“…A CO 2 based system for heating, refrigeration, and water heating for a small supermarket is evaluated in; the system consists of CO 2 ‐cascade refrigeration and with R410A heat pump for space heating. In Reference , modeling of the refrigeration system coupled with a water heat storage system is presented.…”

Section: Sun Powered Co2 Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

2019

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Summary Refrigerants bearing high global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP) were outlawed or facing time‐beared permission under the Montreal (1987), Kyoto (1997) protocols, F‐Gas law (2015), Paris Accord (2016), and recent Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol (2019). In order to modify followed by the paradigm shift of existing heating and cooling systems, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air‐Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) envisaged natural and synthetic refrigerants (Synrefs) are under investigation globally. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a popular natural refrigerant (Natref) replacing Synrefs used in commercial heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems globally. A rampant rise is observed in markets of Asia (Japan and China), North America (the United States and Canada), the Australian continent, and Africa (South Africa) by reaching 20 000 CO2‐stores around the globe. The European markets are leading the utilization of CO2 in the heat pump, and refrigeration, CO2 based markets estimate 14% of the total food retail stores (400 m2). Japan is the second leading market of CO2 heat pump and refrigeration with more than 10 200 CO2 condensing units. CO2 transcritical systems have a share of more than 10% in only European market (large stores); however, their share is less than 10% of total stores in other major markets of the world. New pump and compressor‐driven transcritical CO2 systems integrate ejectors, condensers, and booster systems to reduce energy consumptions, enhance efficiency, efficacy, and coefficient of performance. This article reports a critical review of the CO2 based heating, cooling, and refrigeration system and presents updated literature along with barriers and challenges on commercial use of Natref‐based heating and cooling applications worldwide.

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“…The calculations of cooling and heating loads have been explained comprehensive in authors previous research (Karampour and Sawalha, 2018) (Karampour and Sawalha, 2017).…”

Section: Energy Efficiency Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal storage integration into supermarket’s CO2 refrigeration system

Karampour¹,

Sawalha²,

Mateu-Royo³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the IGSHPA Research Track 2018

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Energy efficiency evaluation of integrated CO 2 trans-critical system in supermarkets: A field measurements and modelling analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Geothermal storage integration into supermarket’s CO2 refrigeration system

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Energy efficiency evaluation of integrated CO 2 trans-critical system in supermarkets: A field measurements and modelling analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

Review of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Geothermal storage integration into supermarket’s CO2 refrigeration system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook