Energy efficiency during conventional and novel sintering processes: the case of Ti–Al2O3–TiC composites

Energy and carbon intensity: A study on the cross-country industrial shift from China to India and SE Asia

“…That is achieved by utilizing cogeneration; making the paper mills net exporters of electricity and heat [74]. Improvement on energy intensity can also be achieved through the introduction of fuels that can be used in higher efficiency combustion cycles; bark and bunker oil have combustion energy efficiency reaching 67% and 80% respectively [75]. Iron and steel industries, follow a common path of using ore and coke in blast furnaces for producing pig iron, then processed in basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) or the least efficient open-hearth furnaces (OHF).…”

Fabrication of PSZ–Ti composites by spark plasma sintering and their mechanical properties

“…The SPS has been applied to the fabrication of a variety of materials, such as metal-metal composites, ceramic-metal composites, ceramic-ceramic composites and FGMs, and then the specific characteristics of the SPS have been discussed [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Comparison between the HP and SPS techniques in sintering of Ti-Al 2 O 3 -TiC composites was carried out by Musa et al [8] and it was shown that both methods could fabricate the similar materials on mechanical properties, and however the sintering under low temperature and short time in the SPS led to an energy saving in 90-95% compared with the HP.…”

“…Comparison between the HP and SPS techniques in sintering of Ti-Al 2 O 3 -TiC composites was carried out by Musa et al [8] and it was shown that both methods could fabricate the similar materials on mechanical properties, and however the sintering under low temperature and short time in the SPS led to an energy saving in 90-95% compared with the HP. The depression of grain growth is one of the unique features of the SPS.…”

Energy efficiency evaluation of hot-wire laser welding based on process characteristic and power consumption

“…Ingarao et al (2012) focused on the machine tool architecture at process level and investigated the energy consumption by comparative analysis of the different load capacities. When the methods and models to evaluate the energy efficiency are concerned, some quantitative analysis have been reported in the studies (Bhushan, 2013;Musa et al, 2009). Bhushan (2013) performed experiments to study the effect of the process parameters on energy consumption and tool life.…”

“…This research present a statistical methodology based model for selecting optimum machining conditions, and the result showed that the energy consumption was reduced by 13.55% and the tool life was boosted by 22.12%. Musa et al (2009) quantitatively compared two sintering techniques, the hot pressing and spark plasma sintering, in terms of energy efficiency with experimental study and focused on operating conditions and end-product characteristics. More recently, some quantitative analysis of the energy efficiency of laser welding, a typical example of non-conventional processes, have been made in the studies (Um and Stroud, 2013;Apostolos et al, 2012).…”