Energy efficiency challenges in pulp and paper manufacturing: A tutorial review

Hubbe, Martin A.

doi:10.15376/biores.16.4.8567-8639

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(235 reference statements)

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“…In such a case, fluid forms a film on the wall of the container. This rimming flow is not only scientifically interesting, but also important in engineering applications such as paper manufacturing (Pereira, Valenzuela & Valenzuela 2010; Ghosh 2011; Hubbe 2021; Majeed et al. 2022), evaporators (Willems et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of convection cells in a horizontally rotating cylinder partially filled with liquid

Watanabe,

Eguchi,

Goto

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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We investigate flow of liquid which is partially filled in a cylindrical container horizontally rotating about its axis of symmetry. Even if the rotation is slow enough to keep the liquid–gas interface almost undeformed, convection cells whose circulation axis is perpendicular to the container's rotational axis can be sustained. We conduct experiments by particle image velocimetry and direct numerical simulations with the S-CLSVOF and immersed boundary methods to reveal the condition of the Reynolds number, the aspect ratio of the container and the filling ratio of liquid for the onset of these convection cells. When the filling ratio is not too large, as the Reynolds number increases, convection cells appear through a pitchfork bifurcation in an infinitely long cylinder. This bifurcation becomes imperfect in the case of a finite-length cylinder. In contrast, when the filling ratio is large enough, convection cells appear through a subcritical bifurcation. Through these investigations, it becomes evident that the axial wavelength of sustained convection cells is an increasing function of the filling ratio in an infinitely long cylinder. In practice, to sustain intense convection cells, we should use a cylinder with the length equal to an integer multiple of the wavelength of the most unstable mode in the infinite-length cylinder. Although we focus on the liquid-pool regime with small Froude numbers, the critical Reynolds number for the pitchfork bifurcation weakly depends on the Froude number. This dependence is explained by considering the changes in the effective filling ratio and the convection velocity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of convection cells in a horizontally rotating cylinder partially filled with liquid

Watanabe,

Eguchi,

Goto

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…Thus, a high cooking temperature (155-175 °C), long cooking time (2-3 h), and high pressure (6-7 bar) are essential for the kraft pulping process to break the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. 4,5 Currently, the kraft pulping process of wood still requires huge amounts of fossil fuels to meet the energy demand of production, 6 leading to an enormous amount of greenhouse gase emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-energy and sustainable pulping technology for eucalyptus slabs using a deep eutectic solvent

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2023

Green Chem.

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Integration of carbon capture in a pulp mill—effect of strategic development towards better biomass resource utilization

Skoglund,

Fu,

Harvey

et al. 2023

Front. Therm. Eng.

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The pulp and paper industry has an important role in the industrial transition towards net zero or negative emissions, given its renewable biomass-based feedstock and energy supply. In particular, pulp and paper mills have large existing sources of biogenic CO2, with a high potential to contribute to carbon dioxide removal through carbon capture and storage (CCS). To effectively navigate anticipated changes in feedstock and energy markets, there is a need for a better understanding of how different technology pathways for the pulp and paper industry interact with one another, for instance, how enhanced valorization of biomass side streams may affect the potential for carbon capture. This paper aims to investigate the effect of combining carbon capture with lignin extraction in a chemical pulp mill. Pinch analysis is used to study how the targets for heat recovery, fuel usage and electricity generation, are affected by different mill and capture configurations. Based on these results, the effect on carbon flows is evaluated. The results show that when carbon capture technology is implemented and fuel use is minimized at the case-study mill, there is still enough heat available from the recovery boilers to supply the process needs without requiring usage of a utility boiler. However, when carbon capture is combined with lignin extraction, the heat production of the recovery boilers is no longer sufficient to cover the process demands, and additional heat from a utility boiler is required. However, this case implies that some of the carbon leaves the mill embedded in the extracted lignin product, which can be expected to have a higher value than captured carbon dioxide. When back-pressure electricity production was maximized for the different mill configurations, a very high fuel-to-electricity efficiency could be achieved, but since the CO2 emissions from the utility boiler were not assumed to be captured, this would lead to more carbon being emitted compared to the capture scenarios with minimized fuel use.

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Energy efficiency challenges in pulp and paper manufacturing: A tutorial review

Cited by 3 publications

References 167 publications

Onset of convection cells in a horizontally rotating cylinder partially filled with liquid

Onset of convection cells in a horizontally rotating cylinder partially filled with liquid

A low-energy and sustainable pulping technology for eucalyptus slabs using a deep eutectic solvent

Integration of carbon capture in a pulp mill—effect of strategic development towards better biomass resource utilization

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