Abstract:Twenty-eight standard penetration test (SPT) hammers owned by the North Carolina Department of Transportation and private consultants were used to investigate the average energy efficiency and variability of manual versus automatic hammers, as well as the effect of SPT rod length on hammer efficiency. The results agree with published data in several regards. Automatic hammers in the study were found to have an average transferred efficiency of 80.9%. This finding agrees very well with the 80% efficiency assume… Show more
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