Energy Efficiency and Performance of Cabin Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles

Lajunen, Antti

doi:10.4271/2017-01-0192

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Tests here considered having the air conditioning system off, and they are performed hot and with about 22°C ambient temperature. The energy used for cabin cooling and heating can drastically reduce the operating range of electric vehicles, as shown in Reference and in the test matrix by ANL . Operation at different ambient temperatures also dramatically changes the energy consumption, and test matrix by ANL…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the energy storage battery and fuel tank of a commercial electric vehicle with range extender during charge sustaining operation

Boretti

2020

Energy Storage

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The energy storage of a commercial plug-in battery-electric vehicle (BEV) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) range extender is here analyzed covering Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, Hwy and US06 cycles during Charge Sustaining Operation. Instantaneous voltage, current and state-of-charge of the battery, vehicle speed, ICE speed, and fuel flow rate are obtained from chassis dynamometer measurements. A simple model for inertia, aerodynamics, and rolling forces for the vehicle, provides efficiencies of energy transfers/ conversions through the different components, ICE, generator, discharge limiter, battery, traction motor/generator, and driveline. The results provide a benchmark of energy efficiency of current plug-in BEV with range extender ICE. It is concluded that the energy efficiency may be dramatically improved if the low-tech engine switched on/off when the battery is fully depleted, is replaced by a smaller high-efficiency engine continuously operated over a fixed point. This way, a small battery can replace a large battery, with benefit to the economy and the environment, and better sustainability, for reduced construction costs and better economy of a lighter vehicle. Furthermore, the electricity production on demand may occur on board at a better fuel conversion efficiency than centralized produced distributed electricity from mostly fossil fuel sources with no need for infrastructure. K E Y W O R D Selectric vehicles, energy conversion, energy efficiency, energy storage, range extender

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the energy storage battery and fuel tank of a commercial electric vehicle with range extender during charge sustaining operation

Boretti

2020

Energy Storage

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“…To improve energy efficiency, the heat pump [4] and the regenerative braking system [5, 6] are used. According to the results of [7], in mild ambient temperatures, the heat pump could increase driving range by 6–22% depending on the driving cycle. Due to the limitations of battery state of charge (SOC) and bus speed, the average efficiency of motor power generation and battery charging and discharging is only 60–75% [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency improvement of eddy‐current braking and heating system for electric bus based on fuzzy control

Chen

et al. 2020

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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“…However, the choice is less-than-ideal due to the pollution caused by the heater. Cabin thermal management has been increasingly studied among electric vehicles [14], [15]. Different technological solutions to improve the energy efficiency of the thermal management of the cabin have been proposed [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Energy Consumption of Electric Buses With Design Choices and Predictive Driving

Kivekäs

Lajunen

Baldi

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Transportation electrification is increasing and recently more focus has been directed on heavy vehicles and especially on city buses. Battery electric buses are inherently more energy efficient than diesel buses and the efficiency can be further increased by different methods. This paper evaluates the energy consumption reductions that are achievable with an aluminum chassis, low-drag body, low-rolling-resistance class C tires, heat pump, and predictive driving. A simulation model of a generic electric bus was developed in the Simulink software. Simulations were carried out on various types of driving cycles in cold (-10 °C) and warm conditions (20 °C). A novel nonlinear model predictive control problem formulation was created for minimizing the energy consumption of an electric bus. Using a heat pump instead of an electric heater provided the highest energy savings in the cold conditions with an average consumption reduction of 12.7 %. The results indicated that a heat pump is particularly effective on lowspeed bus routes. However, the class C tires and aluminum chassis provided higher energy savings than the heat pump in the warm conditions. The low-rolling-resistance tires achieved the most robust energy savings. The aluminum chassis reduced the energy consumption more than the class C tires, but the benefit of the lighter chassis was shown to also correlate strongly with the aggressiveness of the driving. The results showed that a low-drag body is a potential method for consumption reduction on highspeed bus routes. Predictive driving was found to reduce the average consumption by 9.5 % at-10 °C when using 10-second prediction and control horizons. 1

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Energy Efficiency and Performance of Cabin Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of the energy storage battery and fuel tank of a commercial electric vehicle with range extender during charge sustaining operation

Analysis of the energy storage battery and fuel tank of a commercial electric vehicle with range extender during charge sustaining operation

Energy efficiency improvement of eddy‐current braking and heating system for electric bus based on fuzzy control

Reducing the Energy Consumption of Electric Buses With Design Choices and Predictive Driving

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