Energy Efficiency and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases in FPSOs Ships

Abstract

Among the main opportunities reviewed and highlighted within the industry’s value chain, the upstream sector stands out and includes exploration and production activities for oil and natural gas, subdividing into key areas that concentrate a high demand for energy and, consequently, a relevant portion of emissions. A review and discussion about the FPSOs ships can be justified by market factors since ships currently comprise the main global offshore oil production systems. Among the highlights in the scope of emissions, the activity indexes are mainly composed of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), in addition to containing minimum levels of nitrous oxide (N2O). Whereas for emissions — which can occur either by combustion or by leakage or treatment processes — are divided and presented into four groups: Power generation (68% CO2 and 7% CH4), flaring (26% CO2 and 18% CH4), unintentional fugitives sources (0.02% CO2 and 22% CH4) and chemical ventilation (6% CO2 and 53% CH4). Although it still presents difficulties in operational implementation, the promotion of research and policies on the emission of greenhouse gases in the oil industry can help and enable the construction of a more secure, sustainable, and integrated energy future.