Energy Efficiency Analysis of Heterogeneous Cellular Networks With Extra Cell Range Expansion

Zhang, Yuhao; Cui, Zhiyan; Cui, Qimei; Yu, Xinlei; Liu, Yinjun; Xie, Weixin; Zhao, Yong

doi:10.1109/access.2017.2713814

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, exploiting the effective utilization of the small-cell size has become one of the future evolutions. State-of-theart studies extended the utilization of small-cells from indoor to near-indoor areas by a coverage expansion technique that further enhances the overall network capacity [41]- [44]. Combined with power adjustment and spectrum allocation, the femtocell can smoothly manage the instantaneous traffic requirement, offloading macrocell traffic, and applying low-power work patterns via coverage shrinking or zooming, which cost-effectively tackles the future challenges of systematic optimization with regard to interference mitigation, energy and frequency-scaled efficiency.…”

Section: B Fap Coverage Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

$P$ -Persistent Energy-Aware Handover Decisions Employing RF Fingerprint for Adaptive-Sized Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

et al. 2019

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The diverse architectural evolution and intensive data explosion in the forthcoming 5G will have severe impacts on providing seamless and robust mobility management. In this paper, P-persistent energyaware handover (HO) decision strategies with mobility robustness are proposed both for intra-handover cases while a femto user equipment (FUE) roams into another femto access point (FAP) and for cross-tier handover cases while a macro user equipment (MUE)/FUE roams into/out of the FAP in a dynamic cell sizing involving macro-femto two-tier networks. To approximate the densely deployed small-cells, a unique RF fingerprint (RFF)-based localization is employed to enable efficient small-cell detection by an RFF matching mechanism. The prediction of the HO trigger is jointly determined by a P-persistent decision mechanism that formulates the specific HO behaviors when an MUE/FUE roams into (HO-in) and out of (HO-out) a femtocell in terms of the correlated coverage variance and UE trajectory features, whereas the target selection follows a utility function in consideration of the UE traveling time and the achievable throughput. The closed-form stationary probabilities of the proposed VHO/HHO decisions are analyzed by a Semi-Markov-based framework. In addition, an adjustable sensing mechanism with dynamic intervals is proposed when UE is located far from the RFF matching region, which can have a positive influence on reducing unnecessary UE energy consumption. Numerical results are presented for the decision accuracy analyses (too early, too late, and ping-pong HOs), energy-efficiency, and resource utilization of the two-tier system. The comprehensive evaluations indicate that the proposed scheme can enhance the mobility robustness and enable an optimal trade-off between the energy efficiency (EE) and system capacity while eliminating the architectural impacts caused by the dynamic topology and the dense deployment for the next-generation macro-femto two-tier networks. INDEX TERMS Horizontal and vertical handover, cell discovery, RF fingerprint, dynamic localization, energy-aware, RAT selection.

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Section: B Fap Coverage Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

$P$ -Persistent Energy-Aware Handover Decisions Employing RF Fingerprint for Adaptive-Sized Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

et al. 2019

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“…Early literatures mainly focused on pico CRE bias, ABS ratio, and ABS power optimization for the network capacity maximization [15,16,17,18] and recent works began to investigate the network EE improvement from different perspectives including resource management [19,20,21,22,23], FeICIC parameters optimization [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31] and BS deployment strategy [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. As for resource management, centralized resource allocation algorithms based on convex-optimization [19,20], graph-theory [21] or even game-theory [22,23] were proposed to achieve the maximum EE gain.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the distributed algorithms based on the exact potential game framework for both eICIC and FeICIC optimizations were proposed to offer better network performance. The authors of [26] deducted and analyzed the EE coverage performance of FeICIC with extra pico CRE bias. In [28], FeICIC technique was applied to mitigate the inter-tier interference in HetNets deployed with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Optimization of Interference Coordination Parameters and Base-Station Density for Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Networks

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), consisting of macro-cells and overlaying pico-cells, have been recognized as a promising paradigm to support the exponential growth of data traffic demands and high network energy efficiency (EE). However, for two-tier heterogeneous architecture deployment of HetNets, the inter-tier interference will be challenging. Time domain further-enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (FeICIC) proposed in 3GPP Release-11 becomes necessary to mitigate the inter-tier interference by applying low power almost blank subframe (ABS) scheme. Therefore, for HetNets deployment in reality, the pico-cell range expansion (CRE) bias, the power of ABS and the density of pico base stations (PBSs) are three important factors for the network EE improvement. Aiming to improve the network EE, the above three factors are jointly considered in this paper. In particular, we first derive the closed-form expression of the network EE as a function of pico CRE bias, power reduction factor of low power ABS and PBS density based on stochastic geometry model. Then, the approximate relationship between pico CRE bias and power reduction factor is deduced, followed by a linear search algorithm to get the near-optimal pico CRE bias and power reduction factor together at a given PBS density. Next, a linear search algorithm is further proposed to optimize PBS density based on fixed pico CRE bias and power reduction factor. Due to the fact that the above pico CRE bias and power reduction factor optimization and PBS density optimization are optimized separately, a heuristic algorithm is further proposed to optimize pico CRE bias, power reduction factor and PBS density jointly to achieve global network EE maximization. Numerical simulation results show that our proposed heuristic algorithm can significantly enhance the network EE while incurring low computational complexity.

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“…The partitioning of bandwidth is introduced in [21], and the optimal frequency reuse factor that maximizes spectral efficiency or energy efficiency upper bound with given ratio of the BSs density to the users density is also found. In addition, the decoupling of control and user planes by introducing an extra bias factor (there are two bias factors and the other is traditional bias as shown in above-mentioned works) is presented in [22]. In the study, SCs are dedicated for the data transmission and MCs are mainly responsible for the control singling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Optimization of Area Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency for Two-Tier Heterogeneous Ultra-Dense Networks

Luo

Shi

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Being a promising candidate technology for the fifth-generation cellular systems, the ultradense network (UDN) is capable of improving the system throughput by deploying more small cells (SCs) in the existing macro-cells (MCs). In most cases, base stations (BSs) from both the MCs tier and SCs tier are modeled as two independent homogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs) or other point processes derived from a PPP. In the previous works, the area spectral efficiency (ASE) and energy efficiency (EE) are evaluated from a typical user's perspective, and this method works well in single-user scenarios. However, there are multiple users sharing spectral resources in practical cellular systems, and the above-mentioned method cannot work in these scenarios. Therefore, we investigate the ASE and EE from the perspective of a typical BS. Analytical results show that the ASE increases with the increasing SCs density, which means that deploying more SCs in the MCs coverage area is a feasible way to enhance the system throughput. However, the energy consumption of the entire network is increasing as the SCs density increases. Therefore, we employ the firefly algorithm to jointly optimize the ASE and EE for the two-tier heterogeneous UDN. Finally, the optimal system parameters can be found under two fixed weights for the ASE and EE, respectively. INDEX TERMS Area spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, firefly algorithm, Poisson point process, small-cells.

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Energy Efficiency Analysis of Heterogeneous Cellular Networks With Extra Cell Range Expansion

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

$P$ -Persistent Energy-Aware Handover Decisions Employing RF Fingerprint for Adaptive-Sized Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

$P$ -Persistent Energy-Aware Handover Decisions Employing RF Fingerprint for Adaptive-Sized Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Joint Optimization of Interference Coordination Parameters and Base-Station Density for Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Networks

Joint Optimization of Area Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency for Two-Tier Heterogeneous Ultra-Dense Networks

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