Energy drinks available in Ireland: a description of caffeine and sugar content

Keaver, Laura; Gilpin, S.; Silva, Joana Caldeira Fernandes da; Buckley, Claire; Foley-Nolan, C

doi:10.1017/s1368980017000362

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Energy drinks (EDs) can be defined as nonalcoholic beverages that contain caffeine as the main ingredient and a combination of other components, including guarana extract, taurine, and ginseng. 1,2 According to the recommendations of Health Canada, the maximum caffeine intake levels for children aged 4 to 12 years should be between 45 and 85 mg/day and for children aged 13 years and above should not exceed 2.5 mg/ kg/day. 3 Many reports have described the adverse health effects of ED consumption, including tachycardia, hypertension, confusion, seizures, and agitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Drinks Consumption Is Associated With Reduced Sleep Duration and Increased Energy-Dense Fast Foods Consumption Among School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Almulla

Faris

2020

Asia Pac J Public Health

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The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of energy drinks (EDs) consumption and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, eating habits, sleep duration, physical activity, and screen time among school students. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of 1611 students aged 10 to 18 years from the United Arab Emirates. ED consumption among school students was 27%, with less than half consumed at least one can of EDs 1 to 3 days per week. ED consumers were less likely to meet recommended sleep duration (37% vs 62%, P < .001), more likely to consume high energy-dense fast foods (33% vs 20%, P < .001), and more likely to spend more than 6 hours in front of a screen (40.5% vs 32.3%, P < .001). Students aged 14 to 18 years were twice as likely to consume EDs as students aged 10 to 13 years ( P < .001). Overall, the use of EDs was associated with male sex, older age, not meeting sleep recommendations, high energy-dense fast food consumption, and spending a longer time in front of a screen. Educational intervention programs about ED consumption and healthy lifestyle habits are highly recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Drinks Consumption Is Associated With Reduced Sleep Duration and Increased Energy-Dense Fast Foods Consumption Among School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Almulla

Faris

2020

Asia Pac J Public Health

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“…Importantly, the sugar contents of the same NCSSBs were different across different countries [22]. Although high sugar contents of these products have been found in developed countries [7, 8, 23, 24], no study has reported the sugar and energy content in NCSSBs in China. Considering China has the world’s second largest market of SSBs with the rapidly expanding market of NCSSBs [2], with the growing interest in a policy intervention to reduce the consumption of SSBs at a population level, research to understand the sugar content and energy content in NCSSBs sold in China are urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sugar and energy in non-carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages: a cross-sectional study

Jin¹,

Lin²,

Li³

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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Background The consumption of non-carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages (NCSSBs) has many adverse health effects. However, the sugar and energy content in NCSSBs sold in China remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the sugar and energy content of NCSSBs in China and how these contents were labelled. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 15 supermarkets in Haidian District, Beijing from July to October 2017. The product packaging and nutrient information panels of NCSSBs were recorded to obtain type of products (local/imported), serving size, nutrient contents of carbohydrate, sugar and energy. For those NCSSBs without sugar content information, we used carbohydrate content as a replacement. Results A total of 463 NCSSBs met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. The median of sugar content and energy content was 9.6 [interquartile range (IQR): 7.1–11.3] g/100 ml and 176 (IQR: 121–201) kJ/100 ml. The median of sugar contents in juice drinks, tea-based beverages, sports drinks and energy drinks were 10.4, 8.5, 5.0 and 7.4 g/100 ml. Imported products had higher sugar and energy content than local products. There were 95.2% products of NCSSBs receiving a ‘red’(high) label for sugars per portion according to the UK criteria, and 81.6% products exceeding the daily free sugar intake recommendation from the World Health Organization (25 g). There were 82 (17.7%) products with sugar content on the nutrition labels and 60.2% of them were imported products. Conclusions NCSSBs had high sugar and energy content, and few of them provided sugar content information on their nutrition labels especially in local products. Measures including developing better regulation of labelling, reducing sugar content and restricting the serving size are needed for reducing sugar intakes in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7486-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Energy drinks are soft drinks with a high caffeine content, with some drinks containing as much as 505 mg of caffeine per serving and other substances including high dose of sugar, some vitamins, including riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide, other B vitamins, and various herbal derivatives, which could act as stimulants [ 1 , 2 ]. Energy drinks have been increasingly consumed, especially among adolescents, to sustain alertness and boost energy [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High stress, lack of sleep, low school performance, and suicide attempts are associated with high energy drink intake in adolescents

2017

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ObjectiveAlthough an association between energy drinks and suicide has been suggested, few prior studies have considered the role of emotional factors including stress, sleep, and school performance in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the association of energy drinks with suicide, independent of possible confounders including stress, sleep, and school performance.MethodsIn total, 121,106 adolescents with 13–18 years olds from the 2014 and 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were surveyed for age, sex, region of residence, economic level, paternal and maternal education level, sleep time, stress level, school performance, frequency of energy drink intake, and suicide attempts. Subjective stress levels were classified into severe, moderate, mild, a little, and no stress. Sleep time was divided into 6 groups: < 6 h; 6 ≤ h < 7; 7 ≤ h < 8; 8 ≤ h < 9; and ≥ 9 h. School performance was classified into 5 levels: A (highest), B (middle, high), C (middle), D (middle, low), and E (lowest). Frequency of energy drink consumption was divided into 3 groups: ≥ 3, 1–2, and 0 times a week. The associations of sleep time, stress level, and school performance with suicide attempts and the frequency of energy drink intake were analyzed using multiple and ordinal logistic regression analysis, respectively, with complex sampling. The relationship between frequency of energy drink intake and suicide attempts was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling.ResultsHigher stress levels, lack of sleep, and low school performance were significantly associated with suicide attempts (each P < 0.001). These variables of high stress level, abnormal sleep time, and low school performance were also proportionally related with higher energy drink intake (P < 0.001). Frequent energy drink intake was significantly associated with suicide attempts in multiple logistic regression analyses (AOR for frequency of energy intake ≥ 3 times a week = 3.03, 95% CI = 2.64–3.49, P < 0.001).ConclusionSevere stress, inadequate sleep, and low school performance were related with more energy drink intake and suicide attempts in Korean adolescents. Frequent energy drink intake was positively related with suicide attempts, even after adjusting for stress, sleep time, and school performance.

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Energy drinks available in Ireland: a description of caffeine and sugar content

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Energy Drinks Consumption Is Associated With Reduced Sleep Duration and Increased Energy-Dense Fast Foods Consumption Among School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Energy Drinks Consumption Is Associated With Reduced Sleep Duration and Increased Energy-Dense Fast Foods Consumption Among School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

The sugar and energy in non-carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages: a cross-sectional study

High stress, lack of sleep, low school performance, and suicide attempts are associated with high energy drink intake in adolescents

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