Energy Drink Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative Damage in Rat Liver and Brain When Used Alone or Combined with Alcohol

Reıs, Rengin; Charehsaz, Mohammad; Sipahi, Hande; Ekici, AB; Macit, Çağlar; Akkaya, Hatice; Aydın, Ahmet

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13662

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results were in agreement with Reis et al [27] and Mansy et al [28] . Seifert et al [2] found that these effects may be caused by the mixture of various ingredients in the ED due to synergistic interaction and augmented oxidative effect of them.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Study of the biochemical, histological and cytogenetic effects of two different energy drinks (EDs); Red bull and power horse; on brain of adult male Albino rats and to determine the possible protective role of omega-3 on the adverse effects of EDs".

El-Sayed

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Abdelwahab

et al. 2020

Journal of Recent Advances in Medicine

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Background: Energy drinks (EDs) became a worldwide phenomenon and popular especially among young adult and the brain is one of the most vulnerable organs to toxicity. Objective: This work aimed to study the sub chronic effect of consumption of two different popular energy drinks (power horse and red bull) on the brain of adult male albino rats through biochemical, histological and cytogenetic parameters, and to determine the possible protective role of Omega-3 on the adverse effects of EDs. Also, to determine the effects of EDs withdrawal (recovery period). Methodology: Forty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into 8 groups; control, omega 3, RB, PH, each of EDs combined with omega 3 and after 2 weeks of withdrawal. Blood samples, brains and femora from the rats were obtained for biochemical, histological and cytogenetic evaluation. Results: The studied EDs resulted in elevation of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. While they decreased the antioxidant markers (catalase and Superoxide dismutase), acetylcholinesterase activity, total content of DNA and RNA in brain tissue and the mitotic index with disturbance in the normal histology of the brain. Either treatment with omega 3 or EDs withdrawal improve these changes with better effect to omega 3. Conclusion: EDs are toxic to the brain. Omega 3 or EDs withdrawal can ameliorate this toxicity with better effect to omega 3. Therefore, strict control of EDs consumption is urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These findings were due to different reaction of taurine with caffeine present in the energy drink. While Ebuehi et al [37] and Reis et al [27] found no changes in brain tissue although presence of biochemical alterations. They explained this by the short time of exposure to produce brain damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Study of the biochemical, histological and cytogenetic effects of two different energy drinks (EDs); Red bull and power horse; on brain of adult male Albino rats and to determine the possible protective role of omega-3 on the adverse effects of EDs".

El-Sayed

Afify

Abdelwahab

et al. 2020

Journal of Recent Advances in Medicine

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“…In this study, the levels of MDA increased significantly in tissue samples of rats treated with APAP. These findings are similar to the results of other studies where increased tissue MDA levels were reported [31,32] after the application of some toxic substances in mice and rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Asetaminofen Toksisitesinde Ozon ve L-Karnitinin Böbrek MDA, GSH ve GSHPx Düzeylerine Etkisi

Eroğlu¹,

Makav²,

Adalı³

et al. 2019

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of medical ozone and L-carnitine therapy on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced kidney damage by evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and GSHPx levels. In this study, 56 rats were randomized into 8 groups with 7 rats in each group. Kidney injury was induced by the administration of a single dose N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (1 g/kg) orally. Therapeutic ozone (0.7 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally. After the therapy, the rat kidneys were homogenized, and the tissue MDA, GSH, and GSHPx levels were measured. Compared to the control groups, there were higher MDA levels in the kidney tissues only in the "APAP, " "APAP + Ozone, " and "APAP + Ozone + L-carnitine" groups (P<0.001). Besides, the decrease in the GSH and GSHPx levels of the kidney tissues in the study groups were significant compared to the control groups, and the highest decreases were observed in the "APAP, " "APAP + Ozone" and "APAP + Ozone + L-carnitine" groups (P<0.001). Findings obtained from this study revealed that acetaminophen toxicity caused oxidative damage in the examined kidney tissues, and L-carnitine and/ or ozone applications for protective purposes decreased MDA levels, a product of lipid peroxidation, and increased tissue GSH levels thru GSHPx antioxidant enzyme activity. In this context, the most important protective effect was observed in the group where L-carnitine and ozone were administrated together.

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“…The intense lipid peroxidation in biological membranes leads to the loss of fluidity, a decrease in the membrane potential, the increased permeability for H + and other ions and, in the end, a membrane rupture may also occur with the release of cellular content into extracellular space 47 . Our results are consistent with an increase in lipid peroxidation observed in the liver and brain of rats, after 14 days of using another commercially available ED 48 . In the chED-T group, an increased level of prooxidative species, О 2 and H 2 O 2 , was also registered, when compared to the C-T.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effects of acute and chronic Red Bull® consumption on cardiodynamics and oxidative stress in coronary effluent of trained rats

et al. 2021

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Background/Aim. Energy drinks (EDs) are widely used by athletes as ergogenic agents. The aims of this study were to determine the acute and chronic effects of Red Bull ® , one of the most consumed EDs, on cardiodynamics and parameters of oxidative stress in physically trained rats. Methods. Rats were subjected to a swimming practice (1h per day, 5 days a week, during 4 weeks). They were divided into 4 groups: rats that did not consume ED either before swimming or prior to sacrificing; rats that did not consume ED before swimming, but did consume ED 30 minutes prior to sacrificing; rats that consumed ED 30 min before every swimming training, but did not consume ED prior to sacrificing; rats that consumed ED 30 min before every swimming training and 30 min before sacrificing. After sacrificing, hearts were isolated and perfused according to Langendorff technique. The parameters of cardiac function were recorded, and also the levels of prooxidants were measured in the coronary effluent during coronary autoregulation. Results. Compared to the control group, acute administration of the ED had a positive inotropic effect (manifested as significantly higher level of maximum and minimum rate of pressure development in left ventricle), while chronic administration affected the isolated increase in systolic left ventricular pressure, which could be considered the potentially negative impact of the ED. Prooxidative effect of the ED was observed, which was more pronounced in chronic consumption. Conclusion. The main conclusion of our study is that chronic administration of the ED changes the cardiovascular response and redox status in acute consumption.

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Energy Drink Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative Damage in Rat Liver and Brain When Used Alone or Combined with Alcohol

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Study of the biochemical, histological and cytogenetic effects of two different energy drinks (EDs); Red bull and power horse; on brain of adult male Albino rats and to determine the possible protective role of omega-3 on the adverse effects of EDs".

Study of the biochemical, histological and cytogenetic effects of two different energy drinks (EDs); Red bull and power horse; on brain of adult male Albino rats and to determine the possible protective role of omega-3 on the adverse effects of EDs".

Asetaminofen Toksisitesinde Ozon ve L-Karnitinin Böbrek MDA, GSH ve GSHPx Düzeylerine Etkisi

The effects of acute and chronic Red Bull® consumption on cardiodynamics and oxidative stress in coronary effluent of trained rats

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