Energy dissipation of a carbon monoxide molecule manipulated using a metallic tip on copper surfaces

Dynamic Friction Unraveled by Observing an Unexpected Intermediate State in Controlled Molecular Manipulation

“…3(b), the former corresponds to the energy difference between the black and blue lines at x=d ∼ 0.7, marked as E d , and the latter corresponds to the distance between the nearest neighboring Cu atoms (d). Using these estimates as a function of the tip height we find that the dynamic friction force is 10%-44% of the static friction force [34], consistent with the empirical law for macroscopic systems [1,2].…”

“…3(f), these qualitative features of the dissipation were experimentally resolved during CO dragging (see Ref. [34] for details), thereby substantiating the microscopic picture of the manipulation steps.…”

“…Two exemplary cases [Fig. 1(c Similar abrupt decreases in Δf are also observed for the lateral tip positions inside the bridge side [34]. For these cases, the Δf curves for tip retraction and approach are identical as shown in Fig.…”

“…The nudged elastic band method [32] was used to compute reaction pathways. Additional experimental and theoretical details are described in [33,34].…”

“…To investigate these two manipulation processes, i.e., reversible top ↔ bridge and irreversible top → bridge → neighboring-top CO motion, we measured the frequency shift (Δf) of the vertically oscillating force sensor, with a metallic tip, as a function of its height (z l ) at various lateral tip positions [34]. Two exemplary cases [Fig.…”