Energy Dissipation in Solids due to Material Inelasticity, Viscous Coupling, and Algorithmic Damping

Yang, Han; Wang, Hexiang; Yuan, Feng; Wang, Fangbo; Jeremić, Boris

doi:10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001617

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As the eversion process involves a 180-degree turn and is typically described by large deformation theory, it raises the possibility of material yielding and plastic deformation, which can dissipate additional energy. 56 From an evolutionary standpoint, it would be optimal for microsporidia to evolve its PT such that the tube would never experience plastic deformation to avoid hysteresis and ensure that the PT can always recover to its completely ejected configuration. Also, the ultrathin nature of the PT wall (roughly 5-30 nm 38 ) can help reduce the stress associated with the bending of the tube, avoiding reaching the yield stress of the PT.…”

Section: Energy Dissipation From Pt Plastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of the Microsporidian Polar Tube Invasion Machinery

Chang

Davydov

Jaroenlak

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, leading to health and economic burdens worldwide. Microsporidia use an unusual invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT), which is ejected from a dormant spore at ultra-fast speeds, to infect host cells. The mechanics of PT ejection are impressive. Anncaliia algerae microsporidia spores (3-4 μm in size) shoot out a 100-nm-wide PT at a speed of 300 μm/sec, creating a shear rate of 3000 1/sec. The infectious cargo, which contains two nuclei, is shot through this narrow tube for a distance of ~60-140 μm and into the host cell. Considering the large hydraulic resistance in an extremely thin tube and the low-Reynolds-number nature of the process, it is not known how microsporidia can achieve this ultrafast event. In this study, we use Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to capture 3-dimensional snapshots of A. algerae spores in different states of the PT ejection process. Grounded in these data, we propose a theoretical framework starting with a systematic exploration of possible topological connectivity amongst organelles, and assess the energy requirements of the resulting models. We perform PT firing experiments in media of varying viscosity, and use the results to rank our proposed hypotheses based on their predicted energy requirement, pressure and power. We also present a possible mechanism for cargo translocation, and quantitatively compare our predictions to experimental observations. Our study provides a comprehensive biophysical analysis of the energy dissipation of microsporidian infection process and demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics.

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Section: Energy Dissipation From Pt Plastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of the Microsporidian Polar Tube Invasion Machinery

Chang

Davydov

Jaroenlak

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…12, the resulting normalized secant shear modulusshear strain curve (G/G 0 − γ) is in reasonably good agreement with the experimental curves of Vucetic & Dobry [48] for PI = 30 (where PI is the plasticity index of the soil). On top of the energy dissipation due to soil inelasticity (plastic energy dissipation), a Rayleigh damping ratio of 2% (viscous energy dissipation) is used to account for the energy dissipation in soil due to the viscous coupling between soil grains and pore fluids [47,49].…”

Section: Nonlinear Structure On Nonlinear Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Resonant Metamaterials for the protection of an elastic-plastic SDOF system against vertically propagating seismic shear waves (SH) in nonlinear soil

Kanellopoulos¹,

Psycharis²,

Han³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The paper explores the key mechanisms that govern the dynamic interaction between resonant metamaterials (consisting of multiple unit cells embedded in the soil, with horizontally vibrating internal masses) and an existing nonlinear structure on nonlinear soil. Elastic behavior of the soil and of the SDOF system, representing the structure, is also investigated for comparison. The Real-ESSI Simulator is employed to develop in-plane (2D) finite element (FE) models, and an extensive parametric analysis is conducted to evaluate the influence of key parameters on the protective efficiency of resonant metamaterials. Both artificial and real ground motions are used as seismic excitation, vertically propagated through the soil as shear waves (SH), employing the Domain Reduction Method (DRM). Two protective mechanisms are identified. The first mechanism is related to the inertial interaction of the metamaterials with the surrounding soil, namely, it is the out-of-phase resonant oscillation of the internal metamaterial masses with respect to the soil at periods close to the natural period of the structure. The maximum reduction in structural response is achieved when the resonant period of the metamaterials is equal or a bit larger than the effective period of the structure. The second mechanism is related to the kinematic interaction of the metamaterials with the surrounding soil, namely, the presence of empty unit cells (no internal masses) in the soil next to the structure creates a protective "shadow" zone. This kinematic interaction mechanism becomes effective when the wavelength of the incoming seismic waves is comparable to the size of the metamaterials, and at the same time, the period of the waves is close to the natural period of the structure. When both soil and structural nonlinearities are considered, the effect of metamaterials remains always beneficial, and their action is localized, making them practically harmless to neighboring structures.

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“…where Φ is the change rate of energy dissipation per unit volume, σ ij and ij are the stress and strain tensors respectively, el ij is the elastic part of the strain tensor, ρ is the mass density of the material, and ψ pl is the plastic free energy per unit volume. Note that Equation 13 is derived from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which represents the conditions of energy balance and nonnegative rate of energy dissipation, respectively [43,44]. Considering all possible forms of energy, the energy balance between input mechanical work W Input and the combination of internal energy storage E Stored and energy dissipation E Dissipated can be expressed as…”

Section: Energy Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Continuous Energy-Conservation Neural Network for Structural Dynamics Analysis

Yuan

Wang

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Fast and accurate structural dynamics analysis is important for structural design and damage assessment. Structural dynamics analysis leveraging machine learning techniques has become a popular research focus in recent years. Although the basic neural network provides an alternative approach for structural dynamics analysis, the lack of physics law inside the neural network limits the model accuracy and fidelity. In this paper, a new family of the energy-conservation neural network is introduced, which respects the physical laws. The neural network is explored from a fundamental single-degree-of-freedom system to a complicated multiple-degrees-of-freedom system. The damping force and external forces are also considered step by step. To improve the parallelization of the algorithm, the derivatives of the structural states are parameterized with the novel energy-conservation neural network instead of specifying the discrete sequence of structural states. The proposed model uses the system energy as the last layer of the neural network and leverages the underlying automatic differentiation graph to incorporate the system energy naturally, which ultimately improves the accuracy and long-term stability of structures dynamics response calculation under an earthquake impact. The trade-off between computation accuracy and speed is discussed. As a case study, a 3-story building earthquake simulation is conducted with realistic earthquake records.

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Energy Dissipation in Solids due to Material Inelasticity, Viscous Coupling, and Algorithmic Damping

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Energetics of the Microsporidian Polar Tube Invasion Machinery

Energetics of the Microsporidian Polar Tube Invasion Machinery

Seismic Resonant Metamaterials for the protection of an elastic-plastic SDOF system against vertically propagating seismic shear waves (SH) in nonlinear soil

Time-Continuous Energy-Conservation Neural Network for Structural Dynamics Analysis

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