Energy Dissipation in Gigahertz Oscillators from Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Using atomistic models and molecular dynamics simulations, interlayer corrugation and resistant force in a biwalled carbon nanotube are shown to be strongly dependent upon the morphology combination of the bitube. Consequently, energy dissipation in a commensurate (e.g., armchair/armchair or zigzag/zigzag) bitube oscillator is found to be much larger than that in an incommensurate (e.g., zigzag/armchair) oscillator, resulting in a decay of oscillation amplitude within a few nanoseconds in the commensurate bitube and several tens of nanoseconds in the incommensurate bitube.

Oscillating carbon nanotori along carbon nanotubes

“…In any real physical system inevitably frictional forces will occur, however, as detailed above, the existing evidence [3][4][5][6] suggests that frictional forces are much less than the van der Waals interaction force, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. 6 In addition, in order to further simplify the problem, we choose the geometric parameters of the nanotube and nanotorus such that the nanotorus always remains symmetrically located around the nanotube, by ensuring that the stability condition is satisfied so that the minimum energy position of the nanotorus occurs on the nanotube axis.…”

“…It has been shown by a number of researchers [3][4][5][6] that frictional forces are small in comparison to the van der Waals force, and in some cases by several orders of magnitude. 6 As a first approximation to this potential device we therefore ignore the effects of friction so that F r ͑Z͒ = 0.…”

“…The ultralow friction observed by Cumings and Zettl 3 was further investigated by Guo et al, 4 Servantie and Gaspard, 5 and Rivera et al 6 The interlayer resistance force against sliding, although small when compared to the van der Waals force, can prevent sustained oscillation as a result of the friction induced energy dissipation. 4 Servantie and Gaspard 5 also concluded that friction is small relative to the van der Waals force, by two orders of magnitude.…”

“…4 Servantie and Gaspard 5 also concluded that friction is small relative to the van der Waals force, by two orders of magnitude. Similarly, Rivera et al 6 found that the frictional force is several orders of magnitude smaller than the van der Waals force.…”

Interlayer Forces and Ultralow Sliding Friction in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

“…where f corr is the expected oscillating contribution to cohesion due to interlayer corrugation [4,20], L is the interlayer overlap length dependent on the telescoping core position x, D the diameter of the mobile core, and the surface energy of the MWNT shell. The average value of the cohesion force D can be experimentally determined at the end of the experimental run by complete extraction of the core from the casing.…”