Energy density-enhancement mechanism and design principles for heteroatom-doped carbon supercapacitors

Gao, Yong; Zhang, Jing; X, Luo; Wan, Yiyang; Zhao, Zhenghang; Han, Xiao; Xia, Zhaoqiang

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104666

Cited by 74 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The capacitance of doped nanocarbons is found to be depend on the electron affinity and electronegativity of dopants and carbons via the following relation It is predicted that the value of ∅ should be between 0.5 and 2 in order to obtain the higher capacitance and energy density ( Figure 17A). [244] First principle calculations using DFT prove that the adsorption energy of B/N/P-doped rGO hydrogel with EMIMBF 4 and H 2 SO 4 is higher compared to their mono-doped and pristine counterparts. [245] The higher gravimetric capacitance of 525 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , good rate performance, and charge transfer kinetics are noticeable for the N/P/S-self-doped hierarchically porous carbon in H 2 SO 4 versus Ag/AgCl than the activated carbons (BET surface area is 1484 m 2 g −1 ).…”

Section: Doped and Defected Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Ghosh

Barg

Jeong

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

388

237

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Electrochemical capacitors (best known as supercapacitors) are high‐performance energy storage devices featuring higher capacity than conventional capacitors and higher power densities than batteries, and are among the key enabling technologies of the clean energy future. This review focuses on performance enhancement of carbon‐based supercapacitors by doping other elements (heteroatoms) into the nanostructured carbon electrodes. The nanocarbon materials currently exist in all dimensionalities (from 0D quantum dots to 3D bulk materials) and show good stability and other properties in diverse electrode architectures. However, relatively low energy density and high manufacturing cost impede widespread commercial applications of nanocarbon‐based supercapacitors. Heteroatom doping into the carbon matrix is one of the most promising and versatile ways to enhance the device performance, yet the mechanisms of the doping effects still remain poorly understood. Here the effects of heteroatom doping by boron, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, silicon, and functionalizing with oxygen on the elemental composition, structure, property, and performance relationships of nanocarbon electrodes are critically examined. The limitations of doping approaches are further discussed and guidelines for reporting the performance of heteroatom doped nanocarbon electrode‐based electrochemical capacitors are proposed. The current challenges and promising future directions for clean energy applications are discussed as well.

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Section: Doped and Defected Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Reproduced with permission. [244] Copyright 2020, Elsevier. D-F) Electron micrograph hierarchical porous N/O/S-enriched carbon foam (KNOSC) showing mesoporous channels and well-distributed heteroatom dopants.…”

Section: P/n Codopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Ghosh

Barg

Jeong

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

388

237

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“…Thus, electrode materials with suitable properties are very important to development of EDLCs. With regards to supercapacitor application, some key characteristics of suitable material include large active surface area (≥700 m 2 /g for commercial ACs [4]), excellent conductivity, suitable pore size (for the electrolyte system chosen), surface wettability, high cycle stability, rapid charge/discharge rate, etc. These characteristics are highly desirable to design an efficient EDLC capacitor [16].…”

Section: Electric Double-layer Capacitor (Edlc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supercapacitors may also be referred to as ultracapacitors or double-layer capacitors. Fifty years ago, supercapacitors were recognized as the most promising approach to store energy, due to their outstanding characteristics such as high power density (100 times greater than conventional batteries [4]), long lifetime (lifecycle upwards of 10,000 cycles), and superior charge/discharge rate (up to 10-20 times faster than Lithium ion batteries). Due to their prompt charging response, supercapacitors can be used widely in digital cameras, automobiles, flashlights, elevators, portable media players, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, extensive research is being performed using many different kinds carbon materials, and the main objective is to improve the performance of carbon-based supercapacitors. As a result of these studies, several examples of carbon-based materials have been made where supercapacitor performance has been significantly enhanced by various techniques such as heat treatment [11] or doping with heteroatoms [4]. Specifically, carbon nanomaterials have been demonstrated for similar or better supercapacitor properties than metal oxides [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-Free Carbon-Based Supercapacitors—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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Herein, metal-free heteroatom doped carbon-based materials are being reviewed for supercapacitor and energy applications. Most of these low-cost materials considered are also derived from renewable resources. Various forms of carbon that have been employed for supercapacitor applications are described in detail, and advantages as well as disadvantages of each form are presented. Different methodologies that are being used to develop these materials are also discussed. To increase the specific capacitance, carbon-based materials are often doped with different elements. The role of doping elements on the performance of supercapacitors has been critically reviewed. It has been demonstrated that a higher content of doping elements significantly improves the supercapacitor behavior of carbon compounds. In order to attain a high percentage of elemental doping, precursors with variable ratios as well as simple modifications in the syntheses scheme have been employed. Significance of carbon-based materials doped with one and more than one heteroatom have also been presented. In addition to doping elements, other factors which play a key role in enhancing the specific capacitance values such as surface area, morphology, pore size electrolyte, and presence of functional groups on the surface of carbon-based supercapacitor materials have also been summarized.

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Insights of Heteroatoms Doping‐Enhanced Bifunctionalities on Carbon Based Energy Storage and Conversion

Wang

Yang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Ever‐developing energy storage technologies demand the pursuit of advanced materials with multiple functionalities. Recent studies revealed that multiple heteroatom‐doped carbon has been wildly used for bi‐functional or even tri‐functional energy storage and conversion. However, few efforts have been made to uncover the origin of multi‐functionalities. Herein, a nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur tri‐doped carbon is designed in this work with large porosity, rich heteroatoms doping and high mass density, exhibiting excellent bifunctionalities on supercapacitors and oxygen reduction reaction. Importantly, the density functional theory calculations demonstrate the relevant co‐doping and tri‐doping generate more active sites on neighboring carbon atoms than single doping, and the same type of active sites may enhance bifunctionalities simultaneously. The present investigations provide a promising guidance on the design of multi‐functional materials for future energy storage and conversion applications.

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Energy density-enhancement mechanism and design principles for heteroatom-doped carbon supercapacitors

Cited by 74 publications

References 33 publications

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Metal-Free Carbon-Based Supercapacitors—A Comprehensive Review

Insights of Heteroatoms Doping‐Enhanced Bifunctionalities on Carbon Based Energy Storage and Conversion

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