Energy densification of animal waste lignocellulose biomass and raw biomass

Pahla, G.; Mamvura, Tirivaviri A.; Ntuli, Freeman; Muzenda, Edison

doi:10.1016/j.sajce.2017.10.004

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A related torrefaction study carried out on cow manure showed that the MY of torrefaction decreased with the increase of the process temperature [37], similar to the finding in this research. The torrefied elephant dung (200-300 • C at 40 min) had the MY of 100-68%, whereas it was 90-55% for cow manure at the same process conditions [37]. Differences in MY could be explained by a greater decomposition of biodegradable substrates at lower temperatures.…”

Section: The Impact Of Technological Parameters On the Efficiency Of supporting

confidence: 90%

“…[40,47]. The HHV of elephant dung was 11.41 MJ•kg −1 and was lower than HHV in chicken manure ( [37,40,41,48]. The low value of HHV is likely caused by high ash content, i.e., the calculated ash-free HHV was as high as 23 MJ•kg −1 .…”

Section: Proximate Analyses Of Elephant Dung and Biocoalsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The energy yield of torrefaction of cow manure decreased from around 92% at 200 • C to approximately 57% at 300 • C, whereas elephant dung were of 110% and 60%, respectively. The EDr ratio for cow manure had the same downtrend as elephant dung [37]. It was also noticed that there are different degradation processes in the studied range of 200-300 • C. Lignocellulose degradation occurs at approximately 120 • C; hemicellulose degradation occurs at 200-260 • C; cellulose degradation occurs at 240-350 • C; while lignin degradation occurs at 280-350 • C [39], which due to the observation of narrow temperature ranges could have affected the lack of a decrease or increase trend in the case of obtained moisture and MY.…”

Section: The Impact Of Technological Parameters On the Efficiency Of mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Waste to Carbon: Biocoal from Elephant Dung as New Cooking Fuel

et al. 2019

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The paper presents, for the first time, the results of fuel characteristics of biochars from torrefaction (a.k.a., roasting or low-temperature pyrolysis) of elephant dung (manure). Elephant dung could be processed and valorized by torrefaction to produce fuel with improved qualities for cooking. The work aimed to examine the possibility of using torrefaction to (1) valorize elephant waste and to (2) determine the impact of technological parameters (temperature and duration of the torrefaction process) on the waste conversion rate and fuel properties of resulting biochar (biocoal). In addition, the influence of temperature on the kinetics of the torrefaction and its energy consumption was examined. The lab-scale experiment was based on the production of biocoals at six temperatures (200–300 °C; 20 °C interval) and three process durations of the torrefaction (20, 40, 60 min). The generated biocoals were characterized in terms of moisture content, organic matter, ash, and higher heating values. In addition, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were also used for process kinetics assessment. The results show that torrefaction is a feasible method for elephant dung valorization and it could be used as fuel. The process temperature ranging from 200 to 260 °C did not affect the key fuel properties (high heating value, HHV, HHVdaf, regardless of the process duration), i.e., important practical information for proposed low-tech applications. However, the higher heating values of the biocoal decreased above 260 °C. Further research is needed regarding the torrefaction of elephant dung focused on scaling up, techno-economic analyses, and the possibility of improving access to reliable energy sources in rural areas.

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Section: The Impact Of Technological Parameters On the Efficiency Of supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Proximate Analyses Of Elephant Dung and Biocoalsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: The Impact Of Technological Parameters On the Efficiency Of mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Waste to Carbon: Biocoal from Elephant Dung as New Cooking Fuel

et al. 2019

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“…Testes on burning rate were carried out with gasi er and three stones stove to compare the cow-dung fuel consumption [ Figure 3.4].The three stones stove (TSS)consumes higher fuel on cold start test while gasi er stove consumes less fuel. The factors that affect fuel-burning rate are air and fuel mixture ratio, reactor type and size of fuel [30]. The results of the burning rate at cold start, hot start and simmering are (79, 28), (81, 34) and (41, 28) for TSS and GS respectively.…”

Section: Performance Evaluation Of Stoves 321 Water Boiling Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototyping and Performance Evaluation of Household Cow Dung Gasifier Stove: Cooking and Environmental Performance in the Case of Ethiopia

Tadesse

Gabisa

Mekonnen

2020

Preprint

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Biomass energy is the most important primary energy sources in Ethiopia, above 90% of primary energy comes from biomass.Cow dung is one of the widely consumed biomass as a source of energy in rural areas of Ethiopia in traditional and inefficient cook stoves. To this end, this piece of research work is aimed at designing, manufacturing and experimentally testing its environmental and energy performance compared to the traditional three-stone stove. In this study water boiling test and control cooking test was used to investigate the performance of stoves. The proposed gasifier stove shows a better performance than three stones stove when water-boiling test conducted in terms of cooking duration, specific fuel consumption, and pollutant gases emission. The experimental results revealed that gasifier stove has shown an increase of thermal efficiency by 26.6% and reduced PM2.5 and CO emission by 58.9% and 88.6% respectively as compared to the traditional three-stone cook stove.Furthermore, the gasifier stove has shown 64% fuel saving efficiency as compared to the three stones stove and 54% cooking time saving to cook the same amount and kind of meal. In every aspect of the measuring parameters whether the energy efficiency performance or environmental performance the designed gasifier stove performs better than the traditional three-stone cook stoves. Therefore, with a small and simple modification, the gasifier stove could be disseminated to the rural community of the region in collaboration with the regional bureau.

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“…Many countries have traditionally used forest biomass for energy and much research is currently under way to assess the impacts of forest bioenergy practices on sustainability parameters [6][7][8][9]. However, increasing attention is also being paid to the agricultural sector and the use of agriculture-derived biomass for generation of bioenergy [10,11]. The use of alternative feedstocks for bioenergy and the resulting reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is being analysed widely [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of digestate and mineral fertilisation of cocksfoot grass on greenhouse gas emissions in a cocksfoot-based biogas production system

Tilvikienė¹,

Venslauskas²,

Povilaitis³

et al. 2020

Energ Sustain Soc

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Background: Climate mitigation is a major consideration when choosing bioenergy systems. Anaerobic digestion of biomass is a bioenergy system, which is normally used for the treatment of manure or other residues, but cultivated energy crops may also provide a potential feedstock. One of the main crops for biogas production is still maize, but it may be desirable to replace it by perennial grasses, which also have high yields, but do not require as much management. The aim of this study was to analyse greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a biogas production system based on a perennial grass, cocksfoot, grown under different fertiliser application systems. Methods: Field and laboratory experiments were carried out over a 7-year period to evaluate the influence of mineral nitrogen and digestate fertiliser application on cocksfoot biomass and biogas productivity. The obtained data were used to calculate GHG emissions and emission savings for the whole biogas production cycle, by use of the SimaPro v.8 software with the IMPACT 2002+ model, based on the climate change environmental impact category. Results: Productivity of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) was influenced by the annual rate of nitrogen applied as fertiliser, the fertiliser type and year, as influenced by the weather conditions. The biomass yield of cocksfoot fertilised with 180 kg nitrogen ha −1 year −1 was similar regardless if the nitrogen was applied as digestate or mineral fertiliser. At higher rates of nitrogen application (360-450 kg ha −1 year −1), higher yields and lower net GHG emissions could be obtained from the biogas production cycle when the nitrogen was applied as digestate compared to mineral fertiliser, especially in dry years. Energy input over the whole cycle was mainly influenced by the type of fertiliser and the biomass yield. Mineral fertiliser generally caused higher levels of GHG emissions than organic digestate fertiliser, when the same amount of energy is produced. Conclusions: The cocksfoot grass-based biogas production system showed that a significant GHG emission saving potential exists, if nitrogen is added as digestate instead of mineral fertiliser, for similar yields of biomass and energy from biogas. Cocksfoot grass fertilised with digestate is thus a promising feedstock for biogas production.

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Energy densification of animal waste lignocellulose biomass and raw biomass

Cited by 38 publications

References 26 publications

Waste to Carbon: Biocoal from Elephant Dung as New Cooking Fuel

Waste to Carbon: Biocoal from Elephant Dung as New Cooking Fuel

Prototyping and Performance Evaluation of Household Cow Dung Gasifier Stove: Cooking and Environmental Performance in the Case of Ethiopia

The effect of digestate and mineral fertilisation of cocksfoot grass on greenhouse gas emissions in a cocksfoot-based biogas production system

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