Energy-dense dietary patterns high in free sugars and saturated fat and associations with obesity in young adults

Livingstone, Katherine M.; Sexton-Dhamu, Meaghan J.; Pendergast, Felicity J.; Worsley, Anthony; Brayner, Bárbara; McNaughton, Sarah A.

doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02758-y

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our findings about the importance of home meal preparation are in agreement with a previous study conducted in young people from the UK (16–25 years), that identified that food sourced from home environments had lower energy densities and convenience outlets and retail bakers had higher energy densities ( 11 ) . High energy density diets have been shown to be associated with higher amounts of discretionary foods in young Australians including foods like sweet biscuits and cakes ( 4 , 5 ) . Previous analysis of the complete data of the MYMeals study of 1001 young Australians found that approximately one-third of food and beverage intake was FOH but contributed to more than 40 % of total energy intake ( 14 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The energy density of meals and snacks consumed by young Australian adults (18–30 years old) are influenced by preparation location but not screen use nor social interactions: findings from the MYMeals wearable camera study

et al. 2022

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The present study examined the association of contextual factors (social and food preparation location) with the energy density of meals and snacks consumed in a sample of young Australian adults (18-30 years old) identified using wearable camera technology. Over three consecutive days, a subsample of young adults wore a wearable camera that captured images in 30 s intervals. Eating episodes from 133 participants were annotated for preparation location and social context (covering social interaction and screen use). Over the same period, participants completed daily 24 h recalls. The nutritional composition of meals and snacks was calculated by matching the items identified in the camera to the 24 h recall using time and date stamps. Self-reported data (weight and height) was used to calculate body mass index and (residential postcode) to assign socio-economic status. The association of context and demographic factors with energy density was determined using a mixed linear regression model employing the bootstrap method with bias-corrected and accelerated. In total, 1817 eating episodes were included in the analysis (n 8 preparation unclear and n 15 food components could not be identified excluded). Food prepared within the home was 1⋅1 kJ/g less energy-dense than other preparation locations. Lunches (CI −1⋅7 to −0⋅3) and dinners (CI −1⋅6 to −0⋅5) were both 1⋅0 kJ/g lower in energy density than breakfasts. Snacks were 3⋅5 kJ/g (CI 2⋅8-4⋅1) more energy-dense than breakfasts. Food prepared outside the home and food consumption during snacking appear to be adversely contributing to energy-dense food intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher energy density diets have been previously found to be associated with higher odds of obesity ( 4 ) . Young Australian adults who consumed energy-dense diets had poorer quality diets with fewer fruits and vegetables and more discretionary foods ( 5 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy density of meals and snacks consumed by young Australian adults (18–30 years old) are influenced by preparation location but not screen use nor social interactions: findings from the MYMeals wearable camera study

et al. 2022

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“…Different dietary energy densities have great differences in the content of nutrients. The high content of fat and sugar in foods with high-energy-density may be related to the increased prevalence of abdominal obesity [ 34 ]. DED may affect energy intake by affecting satiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Association of Dietary Energy Density with Abdominal Obesity among Chinese Adults from CHNS 1993–2018

Zuo

Song

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Few studies have explored the longitudinal association between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity in adults in China. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity in Chinese residents aged 18–64. Using data from the CHNS from 1993 to 2018, 25,817 adult residents aged 18 to 64 were selected for the study. Three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and home-weighed seasonings were used to assess food intake. A multilevel model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity. The results showed that compared with the lowest dietary energy density group, females had an increased risk of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.29), and females’ waist circumference increased significantly by 0.24 cm (95% CI: 0.39–1.09) in the highest dietary energy density group. No association between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity was observed in males. This study shows that higher dietary energy density is significantly associated with females’ waist circumference and abdominal obesity. Further research on high dietary energy density and abdominal obesity will provide scientific basis for the effective control of abdominal obesity.

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“…These nutrients were selected based on evidence from the World Health Organisation's report on chronic disease prevention that fibre density and saturated fat intake are strongly associated with obesity risk [33], and national guidelines to reduce intake of discretionary foods [12]. Based on our previous applications of reduced rank regression, we will explore all dietary patterns created that account for > 10% variation [11,20] and are interpretable based on their nutrient and food group intakes.…”

Section: Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discretionary food intake and FTO genotype are each associated independently with higher risk of obesity [ 16 , 19 ]. However, while studies have investigated links between obesity and dietary patterns high in discretionary foods, such as processed meat [ 11 , 20 , 21 ], no studies have used a posteriori methods that derive dietary patterns based on discretionary food intake. Moreover, the association between FTO genotype and such dietary patterns, as well as the interaction effect between these dietary patterns and FTO genotype on associations with obesity is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between dietary patterns, FTO genotype and obesity in adults from seven European countries

et al. 2022

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Purpose High-fat and low-fibre discretionary food intake and FTO genotype are each associated independently with higher risk of obesity. However, few studies have investigated links between obesity and dietary patterns based on discretionary food intake, and the interaction effect of FTO genotype are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to derive dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and fibre, and examine cross-sectional associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC), and interaction effects of FTO genotype. Methods Baseline data on 1280 adults from seven European countries were included (the Food4Me study). Dietary intake was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Reduced rank regression was used to derive three dietary patterns using response variables of discretionary foods, SFA and fibre density. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs. Anthropometrics were self-measured. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between dietary patterns and BMI and WC, with an interaction for FTO genotype. Results Dietary pattern 1 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA, and inversely correlated with fibre) was associated with higher BMI (β:0.64; 95% CI 0.44, 0.84) and WC (β:1.58; 95% CI 1.08, 2.07). There was limited evidence dietary pattern 2 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA) and dietary pattern 3 (positively correlated with SFA and fibre) were associated with anthropometrics. FTO risk genotype was associated with higher BMI and WC, with no evidence of a dietary interaction. Conclusions Consuming a dietary pattern low in discretionary foods and high-SFA and low-fibre foods is likely to be important for maintaining a healthy weight, regardless of FTO predisposition to obesity. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139. Registered 9 February 2012 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01530139

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Energy-dense dietary patterns high in free sugars and saturated fat and associations with obesity in young adults

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

The energy density of meals and snacks consumed by young Australian adults (18–30 years old) are influenced by preparation location but not screen use nor social interactions: findings from the MYMeals wearable camera study

The energy density of meals and snacks consumed by young Australian adults (18–30 years old) are influenced by preparation location but not screen use nor social interactions: findings from the MYMeals wearable camera study

Longitudinal Association of Dietary Energy Density with Abdominal Obesity among Chinese Adults from CHNS 1993–2018

Associations between dietary patterns, FTO genotype and obesity in adults from seven European countries

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