Energy Crops

Nair, Abhishek; Ithnin, Nalisha; Sim, H.L.; Appleton, David R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394807-6.00173-8

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Lignin, a major, highly cross-linked, phenolic constituent of vascular plants ( 11 ), is the second most abundant organic polymer on Earth ( 12 ) and accounts for 30% of Earth’s nonfossil organic carbon ( 13 ). Biological degradation of lignin plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and production of biofuels ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Production by Facultative Anaerobic Wood-Rot Fungi via a New Halomethane-Dependent Pathway

Huang

Xue

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Production by Facultative Anaerobic Wood-Rot Fungi via a New Halomethane-Dependent Pathway

Huang

Xue

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Lignin is a biopolymer that is present in terrestrial plants, and it is the second most abundant renewable polymer on Earth, after cellulose. 1,2 It has the highest aromatic content of all naturally occurring polymers. 3,4 Lignin is amorphous, and it is made up of three primary aromatic monomeric units, namely, p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl mono-lignols.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Raman spectrometer (Renishaw RE-04, UK) equipped with a 488 nm laser diode was used to investigate the graphitic structure of carbonized lignin fibers. Spectra were obtained through a 50× microscope objective over 100 scans 1 . The Raman spectra were curve-fitted using a Gaussian/Lorentzian distribution.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Solvent Fractionation and Electro-Spinning Neat Softwood Kraft Lignin

Hararak,

Khan,

Fernando

2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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This paper reports on the production of electro-spun nanofibers from softwood Kraft lignin without the need for polymer blending and/or chemical modification. Commercially available softwood Kraft lignin was fractionated using acetone. The acetone-soluble lignin (AcSL) had an ash content of 0.06 wt %, a weight average molecular weight of 4250 g·mol–1 along with the polydispersity index of 1.73. The corresponding values for as-received lignin (ARL) were 1.20 wt %, 6000 g·mol–1, and 2.22, respectively. The AcS was dissolved in a binary solvent consisting of acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (2:1, v/v) was selected for dissolving the AcSL. Conventional and custom-designed grounded electrode configurations were used to produce electro-spun neat lignin fibers that were randomly oriented or highly aligned, respectively. The diameter of the electro-spun fibers ranged from 1.12 to 1.46 μm. After vacuum drying at 140 °C for 6 h to remove the solvents and oxidation at 250 °C, the fibers were carbonized at 1000, 1200, and 1500 °C for 1 h. The carbonized fibers were unfused and void-free with an average diameter of 500 nm. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and image analysis were used to characterize the carbonized fibers.

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“…In secondary cell walls, lignin pertains to the strength and hydrophobicity of particular cells which transport water. Lignin also accounts for the plant's defense mechanism, mainly resisting microbes and infections 14 . Figure 2 displays the various lignin functions in plants, such as growth and development, lodging resistance, stress resistance, and so forth.…”

Section: Introduction To Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin also accounts for the plant's defense mechanism, mainly resisting microbes and infections. 14 Figure 2 displays the various lignin functions in plants, such as growth and development, lodging resistance, stress resistance, and so forth.…”

Section: Introduction To Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lignin as natural‐biodegradable binder for various sectors—A review

Mili

Hashmi

Ather

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Lignin functions as an essential polymer in plants that forms the plant body's structural framework. The natural glue holds the cellulosic fibers together in the plant body, thereby providing rigidity and strength. Despite this, lignin shows promising relevance for biomaterial production due to its abundance, nontoxic nature and biodegradability. Considerably, adhesive components were derived from petroleum, which is increasingly more expensive. Hence, lignin, the natural glue in plant materials, gained much popularity because of its phenolic nature, making it an attractive substitute for adhesives. Lignin‐based binders are produced through phenols substitution in phenol‐formaldehyde resins with lignin due to their similar structural framework. Many researchers have confirmed the multifunctional applications of lignin, such as wood adhesive in fiber board, plywood and particleboard, a binder in printed wiring boards, abrasive tools, epoxy asphalts, epoxy wood composites, 3D printing, adhesive hydrogels, soil suppressants, lignocellulosic paper and coatings. This review presents a comprehensive description of the utilization of lignin‐based binders for different applications. The present work highlights the discussion on the various methods by which lignin can be used to replace synthetic binders. This review focuses on global research work introducing lignin in different chemical adhesives for a more cost‐effective and less harmful alternative.

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Energy Crops

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Methane Production by Facultative Anaerobic Wood-Rot Fungi via a New Halomethane-Dependent Pathway

Methane Production by Facultative Anaerobic Wood-Rot Fungi via a New Halomethane-Dependent Pathway

Single-Solvent Fractionation and Electro-Spinning Neat Softwood Kraft Lignin

Novel lignin as natural‐biodegradable binder for various sectors—A review

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