Energy Contribution of Beverages in US Children by Age, Weight, and Consumer Status

Watowicz, Rosanna P.; Anderson, Sarah; Kaye, Gail; Taylor, Christopher A.

doi:10.1089/chi.2015.0022

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Among the sprints, because running speed and Illinois test, which is an agility test, can be used interchangeably [141], the 30 m sprint was included by the ESA team in the battery since it also requires acceleration, allowing us to obtain more information. Furthermore, this test was the most frequently used across all the considered tests and it is valid and reliable [142,143], beyond being highly relevant to team-sports performance [144][145][146][147].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program

et al. 2019

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High levels of physical fitness (PF) can positively affect both health and cognitive function, thus monitoring its levels in youth can help increase health and quality of life in adult populations later on. This systematic review aims to identify PF field-based tests used in young European populations practicing sport to find tools that are adequate for the considered target involving a new battery within the Enriched Sport Activities (ESA) project. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. In the 83 identified articles, the main tests used were: vertical/horizontal jumps (for muscular strength/power); push-ups, running at maximum effort, sit-ups (for muscular strength/endurance); multistage non-intermittent and intermittent tests (for aerobic endurance); sit and reach (for flexibility); sprinting and agility T-tests (for speed and agility, respectively); 10 × 5 m shuttle run (SR) (for both speed and agility). Few studies assessed coordination, reaction time, power, and balance. Although the selected tests are widely used and validated, they do not determine all PF aspects and do not reflect sport-specific features. A final decision was made for the inclusion of the following tests: standing broad jump, seated medicine ball throw, 20 m SR test, 30 m sprint, Illinois test, and a new test, i.e., the crunning test, to assess different skill-related components at once. The use of this combination of tests allows for the assessment of all PF components and can help planning effective training programs and cultivate sporting talent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program

et al. 2019

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“…Sweetened beverages were offered more frequently than any other kind of beverage. Beverages make a substantial contribution to the daily energy intake of preschoolers, and the nutritional quality of beverages is highly variable, so fostering healthy beverage habits may have important implications for child growth. Further, the finding that milk was offered infrequently is consistent with previous studies reporting lower than recommended milk intake among preschoolers .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing dinner meals offered at home among preschoolers from low‐income families with the Remote Food Photography Method

et al. 2019

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Summary Background The high prevalence of obesity among preschoolers may be partially explained by the type and quantity of foods offered by parents and left unconsumed by preschoolers. Objectives (a) To compare foods offered and consumed at dinner to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) and the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) standards and (b) to examine the types, quantities, and nutrient composition of foods offered to and consumed by preschoolers and their plate waste. Methods Participants were recruited from six Head Start/preschool centres. The Remote Food Photography Method was used to document dinner meals over 1 week (n = 153 meals). Energy and nutrients for foods offered, consumed, and plate waste were calculated. Foods offered and consumed were compared with the DGAs and CACFP standards. Results Foods and beverages offered at dinner equaled 506 kcal, which is 36% of the DGA‐recommended total daily energy intake. Meals offered and consumed were high in fat and sodium and low in fibre. Adherence to CACFP standards was low for fruits (25%) and milk (2%) and moderate for vegetables (63%). Mean plate waste (29%) was similar across food types. Conclusions Opportunities exist to improve preschoolers' adherence to the DGAs and CACFP standards by enhancing the quality of dinner meals offered to them.

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“…On the other hand, in naturalistic settings, the logical next step is the deployment of comparable measuring techniques over extended periods of time, in order to gather further quantitative information on the distribution of eating occurrences, together with more exact data on the energy loads of individual food items. Such an achievement would close the gaps of knowledge concerning the contribution of different eating occurrences on obesity development [ 10 , 11 ], remedying the identified inconsistencies in self-reported energy intake [ 12 ]. To that effect, new technological advancements are required (e.g., note the effort in current research projects like SPLENDID [ 53 ] and BigO [ 54 ]) and one can envision a comparable system, where the video recordings are replaced by automatic food item registration (e.g., QR code scanning [ 55 ] etc.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determinants of food selection and consumption in naturalistic environments remain unclear [ 10 , 11 ], being difficult to quantify reliably, due to the predominant use of self-reporting [ 12 ] and the lack of quantitative data on eating behaviour patterns across a day [ 13 ]. However, recent research show positive correlations between availability of palatable foods on an individual's kitchen counter and their weight [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective quantification of the food proximity effect on grapes, chocolate and cracker consumption in a Swedish high school. A temporal analysis

Langlet

Fagerberg

Glossner³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Close food proximity leads to increased short-term energy intake, potentially contributing to the long-term development of obesity. However, its precise effects on eating behaviour are still unclear, especially with food available for extended periods of time. This study involved two similar high school student groups (15–17 years old), which had ad libitum access to grapes, chocolates and crackers during an hour-long experimental session. In the distal condition the foods were placed 6 meters away from the students (n = 24), in contrast to the proximal condition (n = 17) were the food was placed near the students. The identification of the type and the quantification of the amount of each food selected, for each individual serving, was facilitated through use of food scales and video recording. In the proximal condition individuals served themselves grapes and crackers more often and consumed more chocolate than in the distal condition. In total, participants in the proximal condition ingested significantly more energy (726 kcal vs. 504 kcal; p = 0.029), without reporting higher fullness. Food proximity also affected the temporal distribution of servings, with the first five minutes of the sessions corresponding to 53.1% and 45.6% of the total energy intake for the distal and proximal conditions, respectively. After the first five minutes, the servings in the distal condition were strongly clustered in time, with many students getting food together. In the proximal condition however, students displayed an unstructured pattern of servings over time. In conclusion, this study strengthens past evidence regarding the important role of food proximity on individual energy intake and, for the first time, it associates continuous food proximity to the emergence of unstructured eating over time. These conclusions, expanded upon by future studies, could support the creation of meaningful intervention strategies based on spatially and temporally controlled food availability.

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Energy Contribution of Beverages in US Children by Age, Weight, and Consumer Status

Abstract: Messaging around beverage intake may be beneficial for children of all weights, particularly for those known to consume sugar-sweetened beverages. The per-consumer estimates may represent a better measure of intakes in future examinations of 24-hour recall data.

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program

Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program

Assessing dinner meals offered at home among preschoolers from low‐income families with the Remote Food Photography Method

Objective quantification of the food proximity effect on grapes, chocolate and cracker consumption in a Swedish high school. A temporal analysis

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