Energy consumption and stability of the Ni–Mo electrodes for the alkaline hydrogen production at industrial conditions

Kaninski, Milica P. Marčeta; Saponjic, Djordje; Nikolić, Vladimir M.; Žugić, Dragana L.; Tasić, Gvozden S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.04.144

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…11,12 An additional advantage of using compounds of vanadium and molybdenum is that, they are reported to improve electrocatalytic properties in connection with nickel, which would result in a better cathode performances for the HER. 14,15,24,25 The initial experiments with vanadium were performed by adding 200 mg/l into the 30% KOH solution, in accordance with the work of Abouatallah et al 11 The results obtained (Figure 7) indicated that the presence of the vanadium, even up to concentrations of 1000 mg/L did not have any major impact on the initial electrode performance, indicating that there was no increase in the electrocatalytic activity. The impact of vanadium on the activation was observed however during long term operation, where a significant reduction in the cathodic potential to ca.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Another method investigated in order to decrease the influence of hydride formation was that of carrying out the activation of the APS electrodes in electrolytes containing compounds of vanadium, molybdenum or iron. 8,[10][11][12][24][25][26][27] In these experiments, the compounds, vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) and/or sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate (Na 2 MoO 4 • 2H 2 O) were dissolved into the KOH electrolyte used for the electrolytic activation process. During cathodic polarization, this normally results in the deposition of vanadium and molybdenum species onto the electrode surface which could serve to prevent the deactivation effect due to hydride formation.…”

Section: Stable Load Operation and The Impact Of Hydride Formation-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was added at concentration of 10 mM/L to the KOH electrolyte. Experiments similar to those previously described by Huot et al and Tasic et al 12,24,25 were carried out, where in essence NaMoO 4 in different concentrations was added to the KOH electrolyte to prevent hydrides formation impacting on the electrode performance. It was observed that the molybdenum had a very similar effect to the vanadium regarding hydrides inhibition over the first 24 h of operation.…”

Section: Stable Load Operation and The Impact Of Hydride Formation-mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Deactivation Mechanisms of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Raney Nickel Electrodes

Chade¹,

Berlouis²,

Infield³

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Major current research trends in alkaline electrolysis are targeted toward improving efficiency, extending the durability and decreasing the price of the electrolyzer units. The novel atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) production method for Raney nickel coatings demonstrated good efficiency for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The research work performed focused on the investigation of the degradation/deactivation mechanisms of these APS electrodes. The formation of hydrides was recognized as a key contributor toward cathode deactivation and to prevent it, in-situ activation in the electrolyte as well as hydrides oxidation, through controlled switching of the cell potential were carried out. Both techniques showed some effect in suppressing the deactivation process but failed to eliminate it completely. The APS Raney nickel cathodes also presented good stability for variable load operations during the cycling.Long term, variable load operation is one of the major challenges that need to be faced by electrolyzers. Achieving the highest performance over as long period of time as possible was always a key criterion, but today's electrolyzers are additionally aimed to operate with highly time variable renewable energy sources. This particular application necessitates the need for electrolyzer durability under highly variable load environments.Current literature does not appear to provide adequate information on the degradation issues relating to such operation of commercial alkaline electrolyzers. Indeed, only one, publicly available research work dealing directly with this issue has been identified. The doctoral dissertation and associated paper of A. Bergen 1,2 investigated the effects of variable power and intermittent operation on the lowpressure Stuart SRA 6 kW electrolyzer. In these experiments, it was observed that an intermittent load had a negative impact on the electrolyzer efficiency. Its performance decreased during operation when a full shut-down was instigated in each cycle. This was not found for uninterrupted operation or operation where the device was kept at a minimum holding current of 10 A. Additionally, it was observed that after turning off the device, there was a marked fall in the voltage over time before it stabilized at a much lower value. The paper concluded that the introduction of control techniques, such as that of a minimum holding current as well as a rest period could minimize the deterioration in the electrolyzer performance.The findings of Bergen et al. 1,2 were partially confirmed by data from Hydrogenics 3 where it was shown that although the electrolyzer still suffered from degradation effects on intermittent load operation, the impact on performance was reduced if certain procedures were followed. The Hydrogenics electrolyzer, operated under constant current mode, saw an increase in the voltage of the electrolyzer with the number of on/off cycles performed. The data indicated that after 10,000 cycles (∼over 200 days of operation), the performance dropped by only around 7%. ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Stable Load Operation and The Impact Of Hydride Formation-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stable Load Operation and The Impact Of Hydride Formation-mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deactivation Mechanisms of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Raney Nickel Electrodes

Chade¹,

Berlouis²,

Infield³

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All experiments were performed with home made electrolytic cell designed as laboratory model of industrial electrolyser [14], suited to match our goals. It was plexiglas-made cell with precisely defined geometry and with no more than one compartment of very small volume, to ensure collection of both gases in the same measuring volume, in order to increase the rate and accuracy of recording.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy saving in electrolytic hydrogen production using Co–Cr activation – Part I

Miulovic

Maslovara

Seović

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…One of the currently applied electrode materials in industrial production of hydrogen is metallic nickel and Ni-based alloys [4][5][6]. It mainly results from their good catalytic properties and relatively low cost in comparison to highly active but expensive platinum metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Electroactive Co–B and Co–B–C Alloys for Water Splitting Process in 8 M NaOH Solutions

et al. 2017

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The aim of this work was to determine parameters of obtaining Co-B and Co-B-C alloys characterized by low overpotential in hydrogen evolution reactions. There were tests performed to examine the influence of borax and arginine concentration changes as well as the value of cathodic current intensity on the composition, morphology, synthesis current efficiency, and effectiveness of hydrogen evolution. Carbon was added to Co-B alloys to improve its properties of water decomposition in 8 M NaOH solution at 90°C. The results of the experiments confirmed a decrease in overpotential values from 48 mV/dec for Co-8.5B alloy to 33 mV/dec for Co-8.2B-9.6C alloy obtained at the highest concentration (0.1 M) of arginine in the electrolyte. It was observed that alloys of good catalytic properties featured an amorphous structure. The coatings were analyzed with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The content of boron was assessed based on the glow discharge spectroscopy (GDS) method, whereas carbon was analyzed with the method of adsorption spectroscopy of infrared radiation.

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Energy consumption and stability of the Ni–Mo electrodes for the alkaline hydrogen production at industrial conditions

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Deactivation Mechanisms of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Raney Nickel Electrodes

Deactivation Mechanisms of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Raney Nickel Electrodes

Energy saving in electrolytic hydrogen production using Co–Cr activation – Part I

Electrodeposition of Electroactive Co–B and Co–B–C Alloys for Water Splitting Process in 8 M NaOH Solutions

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