Energy consumption and recovery in reverse osmosis

Gude, Veera Gnaneswar

doi:10.5004/dwt.2011.2534

Cited by 177 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Membrane fouling is also a problem, and pre-processing of the feed water is very important. Despite these drawbacks, the low energy requirements and low operating costs of membrane technologies make them attractive for seawater desalination as a first option, whether for new plants or hybridization in connection with present MSF plants [1]. The main improvements made to RO desalination have focused on membrane technology in order to reduce fouling and increase its life, and on high pressure pumps to reduce electrical power consumption [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These nations often have problems of population growth and limited natural water resources, and RO can result in improvements in techniques and reductions in costs. Moreover, due to limitations such as polarization, membrane fouling and hydraulic resistance to permeate flow, energy recovery can be a better choice to reduce energy consumption and economic costs [1]. The desalination of seawater is one of the main sources of water in areas such as the Middle East and North Africa, with dependency on desalination reaching 90% in some of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RO is now a leading technology in the desalination industry worldwide, both in small-and large-scale applications [1,5]. RO desalination has gained a reputation among companies supplying fresh water due to lower start up and delivery time, lower environmental impact, easier operation and maintenance, lower capital and operating costs, and a drastic drop in energy consumption due to the use of the latest energy recovery devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these drawbacks, the low energy requirements and low operating costs of membrane technologies make them attractive for seawater desalination as a first option, whether for new plants or hybridization in connection with present MSF plants [1]. The main improvements made to RO desalination have focused on membrane technology in order to reduce fouling and increase its life, and on high pressure pumps to reduce electrical power consumption [1,4]. Macharg [7] studied the advantages of the pressure exchanger (PX) and showed that its use is a clear improvement, reducing power consumption in an SWRO plant by 75%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exergy Analysis of a Two-Pass Reverse Osmosis (RO) Desalination Unit with and without an Energy Recovery Turbine (ERT) and Pressure Exchanger (PX)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents an exergy analysis of an actual two-pass (RO) desalination system with the seawater solution treated as a real mixture and not an ideal mixture. The actual 127 ton/h two pass RO desalination plant was modeled using IPSEpro software and validated against operating data. The results show that using the (ERT) and (PX) reduced the total power consumption of the SWRO desalination by about 30% and 50% respectively, whereas, the specific power consumption for the SWRO per m with (PX). In addition, the exergy efficiency of the RO desalination improved by 49% with ERT and 77% with PX and exergy destruction was reduced by 40% for (ERT) and 53% for (PX). The results also showed that, when the (ERT) and (PX) were not in use, accounted for 42% of the total exergy destruction. Whereas, when (ERT) and (PX) are in use, the rejected seawater account maximum is 0.64%. Moreover, the (PX) involved the smallest area and highest minimum separation work.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exergy Analysis of a Two-Pass Reverse Osmosis (RO) Desalination Unit with and without an Energy Recovery Turbine (ERT) and Pressure Exchanger (PX)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, when the concentration is 650 mg L À1 , the specic salt-adsorption capacity begins to decrease. As shown in Table 3, the specic salt-adsorption capacity is calculated from eqn (2). For the 500 mg L À1 NaCl solution, the maximum specic saltadsorption capacity of the CDI unit system was about 5.62 mg g À1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive deionization of NaCl solutions with ambient pressure dried carbon aerogel microsphere electrodes

Quan

Yuan

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon aerogel (CA) microspheres were pyrolyzed from resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic aerogels, which were prepared by emulsion polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde using ambient drying technique. Structural and microstructural characteristics of CA microspheres were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopic techniques and nitrogen adsorption. The With the optimum initial NaCl concentration of 500 mg L À1 and applied voltage of 1.2 V, the specific salt-adsorption capacity for CA microspheres was found to be 5.62 mg g À1. The electrosorption and electrodesorption procedures displayed the stability and regeneration of CA microsphere electrodes.This preliminary study demonstrated that the CA microsphere electrodes in CDI process can be considered to be an alternative candidate for desalination.

show abstract

Pervaporation

Pangarkar

Ray²

2020

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pervaporation is a process that employs dense membrane to separates liquid mixtures. Various types of membranes: polymeric, ceramic, or composite can be used. In recent years there has been significant academic as well as industrial advancement in this attractive membrane process. Novel types of membranes have been reported. These include nanocomposite including nano‐sized metal, metal oxide, and graphene/graphene oxide incorporated ceramic/polymer membranes, polyamine‐based thin film composite membranes (earlier commercialized for reverse osmosis membranes), copolymer/interpenetrating network types membranes, template type membranes, polyelectrolyte complex, gold and silver nanoparticle‐based membranes for plasmon PV, and so on. In the application area, besides the well‐known alcohol dehydration PV has been investigated for recovery of aroma and flavor in the food and beverage industries, desulfurization of gasoline, intensification of chemical reactions, and so on. Further, PV is being extensively used as a low‐temperature environment friendly “green technology” for safe removal of volatile organic compounds using highly selective organophilic membranes. The advent of metal–organic framework membranes has resulted in significantly higher selectivities as compared to conventional membranes. PV is also being investigated for desalination with hydrophilic membranes. This article provides a state of the art discussion on PV that includes basic principles, types of membranes/modules, and important industrial applications.

show abstract

Energy consumption and recovery in reverse osmosis

Cited by 177 publications

References 81 publications

Exergy Analysis of a Two-Pass Reverse Osmosis (RO) Desalination Unit with and without an Energy Recovery Turbine (ERT) and Pressure Exchanger (PX)

Exergy Analysis of a Two-Pass Reverse Osmosis (RO) Desalination Unit with and without an Energy Recovery Turbine (ERT) and Pressure Exchanger (PX)

Capacitive deionization of NaCl solutions with ambient pressure dried carbon aerogel microsphere electrodes

Pervaporation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About