“…Many studies have also scrutinized the causal effects between energy consumption and economic growth (e.g. Ghosh, 2002;Bartleet and Gounder, 2010;Dagher and Yacoubian, 2012;Shahbaz and Feridun, 2012;Pao and Fu, 2013;Pao et al, 2014;Shahbaz et al, 2015;Alper and Oguz, 2016;Tang et al, 2016;Zakaria and Shamsuddin, 2016;Kahia et al, 2017;Rafindadi and Ozturk, 2017;Sultan and Alkhateeb, 2019), which can be categorized into four hypotheses, each of which has an essential implication for energy policy (Al-Mulali et al, 2013). These hypotheses are identified as growth, conservation, feedback and neutral hypotheses; where these hypotheses are essential to be studied to reach a relevant theoretical, empirical and policy implications (Odhiambo, 2009).…”