Energy Consumption and Cost Savings of Truck Electrification for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Applications

Gao, Zhiming; Lin, Zhenhong; Franzese, Oscar

doi:10.3141/2628-11

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…HDVs comprising heavy-duty trucks and buses account for only 10% of the global vehicle stock but are responsible for 46% of the greenhouse gas emissions from road transport 2 . Electrifying the HDV segment can lead to substantial energy, climate and air quality benefits 3 . Intensive efforts are being made by global entrepreneurs to achieve breakthroughs in HDV electrification technologies and production 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of transport electrification on critical metal sustainability with a focus on the heavy-duty segment

et al. 2019

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The majority of transport electrification studies, examining the demand and sustainability of critical metals, have focused on light-duty vehicles. Heavy-duty vehicles have often been excluded from the research scope due to their smaller vehicle stock and slower pace of electrification. This study fills this research gap by evaluating the lithium resource impacts from electrification of the heavy-duty segment at the global level. Our results show that a mass electrification of the heavy-duty segment on top of the light-duty segment would substantially increase the lithium demand and impose further strain on the global lithium supply. The significant impact is attributed to the large single-vehicle battery capacity required by heavy-duty vehicles and the expected battery replacement needed within the lifetime of heavy-duty vehicles. We suggest that the ambition of mass electrification in the heavy-duty segment should be treated with cautions for both policy makers and entrepreneurs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of transport electrification on critical metal sustainability with a focus on the heavy-duty segment

et al. 2019

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“…However, a limited number of studies has devised methods to estimate energy consumption for electric trucks ( 16 – 18 ). Gao et al developed a simulation tool for estimating electric truck tractive energy considering second-by-second vehicle speed and component efficiency ( 19 ). They found that both the battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric trucks are more energy efficient than conventional diesel trucks.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Operating a Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Truck Fleet for Drayage Applications

Tanvir

Un-Noor

Boriboonsomsin

et al. 2020

Transportation Research Record

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Vehicle fleet electrification is regarded as one major pathway toward achieving energy independence and reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to light-duty and medium-duty vehicles, electrification of heavy-duty vehicles, especially Class 8 trucks, is more challenging owing to the battery size required to attain the driving range necessary for their operating goals. As drayage trucks generally have a limited daily mileage, return to a home base every night, and spend a large amount of time creeping and idling, drayage operation has been the first targeted application for Class 8 electric trucks. The feasibility of operating battery electric drayage trucks at the individual vehicle level has recently been demonstrated. However, questions remain as to whether these trucks are capable of meeting the needs of typical drayage operation at the fleet level. This paper presents a feasibility analysis of operating an electric truck fleet based on real-world operation data of a diesel drayage operator in Southern California. Second-by-second activity data collected from 20 trucks in the fleet were used to estimate the corresponding electric energy consumption and the state of charge of the battery using a microscopic electric energy consumption model. An algorithm for generating tours of drayage activity from the collected data was developed and implemented. Multiple scenarios with different battery charging and truck scheduling assumptions were analyzed. The results show that 85% of the tours could be served by electric trucks if there is opportunity for charging at the home base during the time gap between consecutive tours.

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“…Recently, looking at the pollution, global warming, and the alertness regarding nonconventional energy conservation, power engineers are paying more attention to the design of zero‐polluting ECs. Therefore, to improve the stability and performance of the ECs, the lesser weight EC modeling is gaining interest on an augmented pace 1 . Lots of EC modeling methods are proposed to facilitate a wider driving choice and smoother operation 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust control approach for stability and power quality improvement in electric car

Sahoo

Routray

Rout

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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This paper proposes a combined electrical and mechanical control approach (ECA and MCA) fora multiconverter multimachine system (MCMM) basedon electric car (EC) operation. ECA is designed by using a fuzzy logic-based robust controller for improving the power quality (PQ) of the EC. The main role of the ECA is to compute the actual speed and angle of the machine by sensing the voltage and current component of the system. For PQ improvement, the ECA also facilitates active and reactive current components by sensing the appropriate machine torque, wheel torque, and dc-link voltage of the inverter. In addition to that, MCA is proposed for improving the stability of the EC by properly tracking the wheel torque during dynamic state conditions like slippery road conditions. To design MCA, the appropriate mathematical modeling of the car is proposed by considering the wheel and road contact, gearbox, the different force acting on the car, and mechanical coupling between the car components. A torque model approach is suggested to track the appropriate torque produced on the wheel. The performance of the proposed controller with the EC modeling is tested by using MATLAB/Simulink software under different road conditions. K E Y W O R D S electrical control approach (ECA), fuzzy logic controller (FLC), mechanical control approach, modeling of an electric car (EC), power quality (PQ), torque model approach (TMA) 1 | INTRODUCTION Recently, looking at the pollution, global warming, and the alertness regarding nonconventional energy conservation, power engineers are paying more attention to the design of zero-polluting ECs. Therefore, to improve the stability and performance of the ECs, the lesser weight EC modeling is gaining interest on an augmented pace. 1 Lots of EC modeling methods are proposed to facilitate a wider driving choice and smoother operation. 2 As shown in Figure 1, the design of EC modeling is divided into two sections like electric machines (EM) as a drive system and mechanical parts as gearbox, coupling, and EC wheel. The essential parameters like battery, central control structures (by combining electrical and mechanical system), tachometer, and voltage source inverters (VSIs) are used to design the complete EC. To drive the EC wheel, single EM is used for each of the wheels. 3 However, the complex structure, heavier weight, and increased cost 4 decrease the stability and performance. For achieving optimum performance, and looking at the simplicity and easier control action, DC machines are gaining interest in the traction of ECs. 5 However, the DC-machines need to be supplied with high starting torque. Therefore, for getting a robust/lighter model, high efficiency, and reduced cost EC,

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Energy Consumption and Cost Savings of Truck Electrification for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Applications

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of transport electrification on critical metal sustainability with a focus on the heavy-duty segment

Impact of transport electrification on critical metal sustainability with a focus on the heavy-duty segment

Feasibility of Operating a Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Truck Fleet for Drayage Applications

Robust control approach for stability and power quality improvement in electric car

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