Energy conservation and greenhouse gas mitigation under different production systems in rice cultivation

Chaudhary, Ved Prakash; Singh, Kulveer; Pratibha, G.; Bhattacharyya, Ranjan; Shamim, Mohammad; Srinivas, I.; Patel, A.K.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.131

Cited by 103 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similar results were reported by earlier studies [50][51][52]. Chaudhary et al [35] reported that 70-75% of the total emissions under DSR conditions were CO 2 emissions only, mainly due to field operations, followed by fertilizer application and the remainder (10%) was methane emissions. In comparison, in the PTR method of cultivation, methane emission-based CO 2 equivalent emissions were higher (57%).…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the DSR crop was grown under rainfed condition, so no external irrigation was supplemented. For comparison in the literature, Alipour [39] also reported higher irrigation energy in rice production, and another study on the rice production system in India revealed that irrigation and fertilizers have a higher share of energy input [35]. In addition, in another study, the amount of energy inputs consumed in different rice-based cropping systems were reported to be 44-54% for chemical fertilizers and 11-14% of for in India [40].…”

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 95%

“…The GHG emissions were computed on hectare basis. The indices such as carbon input, carbon output, carbon sustainability index, and carbon efficiency ratio were estimated using following equations as mentioned by Chaudhary et al [35]:…”

Section: Carbon Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agha-Alikhani et al [42], also reported higher percent share of energy from non-renewable resources (43%) in rice crops. A study in India revealed that irrigation and fertilizers have the higher percent share of energy in rice production system [35]. Paramesh et al [43] highlighted the higher consumption of nitrogen (25-33%), diesel fuel (6.8-18.2%) and irrigation water (8.6-23.7%) under PTR conditions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.…”

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated average GHG emissions was higher in the DSR method; this trend was mainly based on lower carbon emission, especially from fertilizers and fuel. Chaudhary et al [35] reported that conservation tillage practices such as minimum tillage and zero tillage have profound effect in reducing GHG emission. The present study highlights the importance of the DSR method as a conservation tillage practice in reducing the carbon input and GHG emission, particularly compared with the PTR method.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Ramesha

Paramesh

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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The energy consumption pattern and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of any rice production system is important to know the sustainability of varied cultivation and establishment technique. This study was conducted to determine the energy use pattern, GHG emission and efficiency of rice farms in puddled transplanted (PTR, rainfed) and direct-seeded rice (DSR, irrigated) production systems in Karnataka, India. The energy indices and GHG emission of different input and output in a rice production system were assessed by using energy and carbon equivalence. The efficiency of PTR and DSR farms were identified using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and energy optimization was ascertained. The key finding was excessive use of non-renewable energy inputs was observed for the PTR (92.4%) compare to DSR (60.3%) methods. The higher energy use efficiency (7.3), energy productivity (0.3 kg MJ−1) and energy profitability (6.3) were mainly attributed to the large decrease in energy inputs under DSR. The DEA showed efficiency for 26 PTR farms in comparison for 87 DSR farms. The mean technical efficiency value highlighted the scope for saving energy by 6% and 2% in PTR and DSR, respectively and showed an economic reduction of $405.5/ha with PTR versus $163.3/ha with the DSR method if these inefficient farms perform efficiently. The GHG emissions revealed that the total emissions for PTR versus DSR production caused by on-farm emissions were 86% and 65%, respectively. The DSR method also had a higher carbon efficiency ratio and carbon sustainability index (10.1 and 9.1, respectively). Thus, adoption of DSR method is imperative for reduction of energy consumption and GHG emissions to achieve the carbon sustainability.

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Section: Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Carbon Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Ramesha

Paramesh

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Irrigation and conservation agricultural practices improve crop yield, water productivity and energetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Vertisols of central India

Sawant

Singh

et al. 2023

Irrigation and Drainage

Self Cite

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The identification of suitable conservation agricultural (CA) practices plays a significant role in global food security. A 3-year (2018-2020) field experiment was conducted in Vertisols of the semi-arid tropics of central India to investigate the effects of CA practices and irrigation methods on the yield, water productivity (WP) and energetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A split-split plot design was used with three treatments, namely, two irrigation methods (sprinkler and furrow), three residue loads (30%, 60% and 100%) and three planting methods (broad-bed shaper-cum-planter [BBSP], zero-till planter and seed-cum-fertilizer drill) with three replications each. Sprinkler irrigation significantly improved chickpea seed yield by 2% and 5% in the second (1566 kg ha À1 ) and third years (1555 kg ha À1 ) compared to furrow irrigation.During the three experimental years, the WP of chickpeas under sprinkler irrigation was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) by 31%, 34% and 35% compared to that under furrow irrigation. Irrigation (6027 MJ ha À1 ), fertilization (1805 MJ ha À1 ) and planting (1615 MJ ha À1 ) accounted for 63%-68% of the total energy input in chickpea production. Under CA practices, it is recommended that higher returns be achieved using BBSP and a 100% residue load with sprinkler irrigation.

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Dry direct‐seeded rice has higher energy and carbon production efficiencies without reducing economic benefits

Jin

2023

J Sci Food Agric

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Background Water and energy shortages and food security challenges associated with global warming are essential issues affecting human survival and development. Rice is one of the world's top three staple food crops. In the present study, the energy footprint (EF), carbon footprint (CF), energy production efficiency (EPE), carbon production efficiency (CPE), and economic benefit (EB) of dry direct‐seeded rice (DSR), wet direct‐seeded rice (WSR), and transplanted rice (TPR), respectively, were integrated and assessed. Results The yield of WSR and TPR was 9.64% and 13.76% higher than that of DSR, respectively. However, DSR has less irrigation and less intensive field tillage; therefore, its energy input, and CF, were 37.47% and 44.29%, and 29.35% and 34.77%, lower than those of WSR and TPR, respectively; the EPE and CPE were obviously improved; and the EB was not lower than that of WSR and TPR. Current rice production relies heavily on non‐renewable energy inputs such as nitrogen fertilizer, diesel, and machinery. Therefore, the key to improving EPE, CPE, and EB in rice production at the same time as reducing CF was to improve water use efficiency and decrease the intensity of paddy tillage. Conclusion The DSR has higher social, economic, and ecological benefits and can be the preferred rice planting method for rice production areas. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Energy conservation and greenhouse gas mitigation under different production systems in rice cultivation

Cited by 103 publications

References 33 publications

Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Irrigation and conservation agricultural practices improve crop yield, water productivity and energetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Vertisols of central India

Dry direct‐seeded rice has higher energy and carbon production efficiencies without reducing economic benefits

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